Schoeb Thierry, Fröhlich Stefan, Frey Walter O, Verhagen Evert, Farshad Mazda, Spörri Jörg
Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Front Physiol. 2022 Feb 25;13:826212. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.826212. eCollection 2022.
Evidence-based injury prevention programmes for youth competitive alpine skiers are widely absent. The aims of this controlled 12-month experimental study were to introduce a novel injury prevention programme targeted to the injury patterns of youth skiers, called , and to compare the differences in injury occurrence between an intervention group (IG) additionally performing the programme and an independent, historical control group (CG) following their regular training routines. None of the skiers of the CG were part of the IG and vice versa. The study was directly conducted within the real-world youth development structures of skiers competing at the under 16 years (U16) level in Switzerland. Seventy-one skiers (aged 14.4 ± 0.3 years) assigned to the IG were compared to 58 age- and gender-matched controls. The IG was offered the programme with the recommendation to perform it at least once per week. Skiers' adherence to this recommendation was surveyed but not enforced. Injuries were recorded using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire. Primary outcomes were the absolute injury rates (number of injuries/100 athletes per season) and epidemiological incidence proportion (number of injured athletes/100 athletes per season). The secondary outcome was the average 2-weekly prevalence of traumatic knee, knee overuse, and lower back overuse injuries. There were lower absolute rates of all traumatic injuries [rate/risk difference, RD: -57.1 (-98.1, -16.0); rate/risk ratio, RR: 0.665 (0.485, 0.884)] and overuse injuries [RD: -35.9 (-71.0, -0.7); RR: 0.699 (0.493, 0.989)] in the IG than in the CG. Likewise, the epidemiological incidence proportion for all overuse injuries was smaller in the IG [RD: -28.4 (-44.8, -12.0); RR: 0.598 (0.435, 0.822)], while the proportion of skiers suffering from traumatic injuries did not significantly differ between the groups. Notably, the IG particularity differed from the CG in the average 2-weekly prevalence of knee trauma, knee overuse, and lower back overuse complaints, three of the major injury-related hot spots in youth skiers. Based on these promising results, the programme may have great potential to prevent injuries in youth competitive alpine skiers, and the underlying exercises should be considered complementary training content at the U16 level.
针对青少年高山滑雪运动员的循证损伤预防项目普遍缺失。这项为期12个月的对照实验研究的目的是引入一项针对青少年滑雪者损伤模式的新型损伤预防项目，名为 ，并比较干预组（IG）额外进行该项目与独立的历史对照组（CG）按照常规训练计划训练后损伤发生率的差异。CG组的滑雪者没有一人属于IG组，反之亦然。该研究直接在瑞士16岁以下（U16）级别的青少年滑雪运动员的现实世界青少年发展结构中进行。将分配到IG组的71名滑雪者（年龄14.4±0.3岁）与58名年龄和性别匹配的对照组进行比较。IG组被提供该项目，并建议每周至少进行一次。对滑雪者遵守该建议的情况进行了调查，但未强制执行。使用奥斯陆体育创伤研究中心问卷记录损伤情况。主要结果是绝对损伤率（每个赛季每100名运动员的损伤数量）和流行病学发病比例（每个赛季每100名运动员中受伤运动员的数量）。次要结果是创伤性膝关节、膝关节过度使用和下背部过度使用损伤的平均每两周患病率。IG组所有创伤性损伤的绝对发生率[发生率/风险差，RD：-57.1（-98.1，-16.0）；发生率/风险比，RR：0.665（0.485，0.884）]和过度使用损伤[RD：-35.9（-71.0，-0.7）；RR：0.699（0.493，0.989）]均低于CG组。同样，IG组所有过度使用损伤的流行病学发病比例较小[RD：-28.4（-44.8，-12.0）；RR：0.598（0.435，0.822）]，而两组中遭受创伤性损伤的滑雪者比例没有显著差异。值得注意的是，IG组在膝关节创伤、膝关节过度使用和下背部过度使用投诉的平均每两周患病率方面与CG组不同，这是青少年滑雪者中与损伤相关的三个主要热点问题。基于这些有前景的结果，该项目可能具有预防青少年高山滑雪运动员损伤的巨大潜力，并且相关基础训练应被视为U16级别的补充训练内容。
