High-Level Sport Medicine Centre, Hospital of Albertville-Moûtiers, Albertville, France.
French Ski Federation, Annecy, France.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020 Jul;30(7):1177-1187. doi: 10.1111/sms.13648. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Current epidemiological studies in elite alpine skiers are mostly limited to retrospective surveys on in-season injury. The aim of this study was to determine the risk and pattern of injury in elite alpine skiers during the winter competitive season (WCS) and the summer off-season (SOS). European Cup skiers were prospectively followed during 5 complete years. A total of 133 skier-seasons (79 males and 54 females) completed the study. All acute and overuse injuries that required medical attention were registered, representing a total of 166 injuries. Absolute injury incidence was 124.8 (95% CI [106-145]) injuries per 100 athletes per complete season and was higher during the WCS compared with the SOS, albeit in a smaller magnitude than expected (relative risk ratio (RR) 1.44 [1.06-1.96]). The absolute incidence of severe injuries (ie, time-loss >28 days) was twofold higher during WCS compared with SOS (RR 2.19 [1.21-3.95]). Most common injuries during the 2013-2015 seasons were knee followed by back (absolute incidences 56 [38-80] and 20 [10-36], respectively; RR 2.82 [1.42-5.61]), but this difference disappeared after 2015 (absolute incidences 25.6 [15.7-39.6] and 23.1 [13.7-36.5], respectively; RR 1.11 [0.59-2.10]). In summary, we found that 98 (59%) injuries occurred during WCS and 68 (41%) during SOS over 5 years. These results demonstrate the necessity to record injuries during the entire year to avoid a significant underestimation of the injury incidence. In addition, the current data showed an evolution of injury pattern over time and since previous reports, with back injuries being the main concern along knee joint injuries.
当前对精英高山滑雪运动员的流行病学研究大多局限于赛季中损伤的回顾性调查。本研究旨在确定精英高山滑雪运动员在冬季竞赛赛季（WCS）和夏季休赛期（SOS）期间的受伤风险和模式。对欧洲杯滑雪运动员进行了为期 5 年的前瞻性随访。共有 133 名滑雪运动员完成了研究。所有需要医疗关注的急性和过度使用损伤均被记录下来，共记录了 166 次损伤。每个完整赛季每 100 名运动员的绝对损伤发生率为 124.8（95%CI [106-145]），WCS 期间的发生率高于 SOS，尽管幅度较小（相对风险比（RR）为 1.44 [1.06-1.96]）。与 SOS 相比，WCS 期间严重损伤（即损失时间> 28 天）的绝对发生率高两倍（RR 2.19 [1.21-3.95]）。2013-2015 赛季最常见的损伤是膝盖，其次是背部（绝对发生率分别为 56 [38-80]和 20 [10-36]；RR 2.82 [1.42-5.61]），但 2015 年后这种差异消失（绝对发生率分别为 25.6 [15.7-39.6]和 23.1 [13.7-36.5]；RR 1.11 [0.59-2.10]）。总之，我们发现 5 年内有 98 次（59%）损伤发生在 WCS 期间，68 次（41%）发生在 SOS 期间。这些结果表明，有必要在一整年记录损伤情况，以避免对损伤发生率的显著低估。此外，与之前的报告相比，目前的数据显示随着时间的推移，损伤模式发生了演变，背部受伤成为膝关节受伤的主要关注点。
