Department of Teaching and Learning of Physical Education, Plastic and Music Education, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 46110 Valencia, Spain.
Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 16;17(12):4308. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124308.
The acquisition of physical activity habits during adolescence is fundamental to guarantee its adherence throughout life. However, these levels decrease during this stage, with women experimenting a more significant decrease. This paper aims to analyze if there are significant differences in the variables related to the intention to be physically active between men and women and if there is a moderating effect of gender on the variables that predict this intention. The sample is composed of 256 adolescents, aged between 16 and 19 years, 55.50% of whom are men, and 44.50% women. The results show that there are statistically significant differences ( < 0.05), with boys showing higher scores in the intention, athletic identity, and in the strength, condition, and attractiveness. About the predictive variables of the intention, the gender moderates the relationships between the physical attractiveness, condition and strength with the perceived behavioral control (fmale-fmale = 0.44; -0.48 < 0.001; 0.27, < 0.05, respectively), and between the subjective norm and the intention to be physically active (male-female = 0.33, < 0.01). These results highlight the importance of considering gender when designing specific policies for the promotion of physical-sports practice among adolescents to reduce the existing gender gap.
青少年时期养成体育锻炼习惯对于保证其终身坚持锻炼至关重要。然而，这一阶段的体育锻炼水平会下降，女性的下降幅度更大。本文旨在分析男性和女性在与体育锻炼意向相关的变量方面是否存在显著差异，以及性别对预测这种意向的变量是否存在调节作用。样本由 256 名年龄在 16 至 19 岁之间的青少年组成，其中 55.50%为男性，44.50%为女性。结果表明，存在统计学上的显著差异（<0.05），男孩在意向、运动认同以及力量、体能和吸引力方面的得分更高。关于意向的预测变量，性别调节了身体吸引力、体能和力量与感知行为控制之间的关系（男性-男性=0.44；-0.48<0.001；0.27，<0.05），以及主观规范与体育锻炼意向之间的关系（男性-女性=0.33，<0.01）。这些结果强调了在设计针对青少年体育实践促进的具体政策时考虑性别的重要性，以缩小现有的性别差距。
