Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
Pediatric Cardiology Section, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 17;17(12):4328. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124328.
Critical surgical and medical advances have shifted the focus of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients from survival to achievement of a greater health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL is influenced, amongst other factors, by aerobic capacity and respiratory muscle strength, both of which are reduced in CHD patients. This study evaluates the influence of a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program (CPRP) on respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity. Fifteen CHD patients, ages 12 to 16, with reduced aerobic capacity in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were enrolled in a CPRP involving strength and aerobic training for three months. Measurements for comparison were obtained at the start, end, and six months after the CPRP. A significant improvement of inspiratory muscle strength was evidenced (maximum inspiratory pressure 21 cm HO, 23%, < 0.01). The six-minute walking test showed a statistically and clinically significant rise in walked distance (48 m, < 0.01) and a reduction in muscle fatigue (1.7 out of 10 points, = 0.017). These results suggest CPRP could potentially improve respiratory muscle function and functional capacity, with lasting results, in children with congenital heart disease, but additional clinical trials must be conducted to confirm this finding.
重大的外科和医学进步已经将先天性心脏病（CHD）患者的治疗重点从生存转移到实现更高的健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）。HRQoL 受到多种因素的影响，其中包括有氧能力和呼吸肌力量，这两者在 CHD 患者中都有所降低。本研究评估了心肺康复计划（CPRP）对呼吸肌力量和功能能力的影响。15 名年龄在 12 至 16 岁之间、心肺运动测试（CPET）中有氧能力降低的 CHD 患者参加了为期三个月的 CPRP，包括力量和有氧训练。比较测量值在 CPRP 开始、结束和结束后六个月获得。吸气肌力量有明显改善（最大吸气压力 21cmH2O，23%，<0.01）。六分钟步行试验显示步行距离有统计学和临床意义上的提高（48m，<0.01），肌肉疲劳减少（10 分中的 1.7 分，=0.017）。这些结果表明，CPRP 可能会改善患有先天性心脏病的儿童的呼吸肌功能和功能能力，并产生持久的效果，但需要进行更多的临床试验来证实这一发现。
