Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
Pharmacol Res. 2020 Sep;159:105017. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105017. Epub 2020 Jun 16.
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated as well as endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns. Once ligand binding occurs, signaling cascades develop within the cells to activate effector molecules. Thus, PRRs play key roles in immune surveillance and immune tolerance. Due to their differences in cell localization, stage of action, and ligand recognition, PRRs form a defense network from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm, constituting the regulatory networks of the innate and adaptive immune systems in cancer. However, the activation of PRRs cannot only recruit and activate anti-tumor immune cells, but also promote the release of inflammatory cytokines, which may lead to the formation of the local inflammatory microenvironment in tumors, thus promoting the development of cancer. Therefore, the dual regulation of PRRs in the immune system has attracted much attention, with current research being focused on maximizing their anti-tumor immune activity. In addition to their expression in host cells, PRRs are also expressed in tumor cells; this is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. This review attempts to clarify the feasibility and directions for the development of PRR-based applications in cancer immunotherapy by elaborating on the mechanisms underlying the action of PRRs and the current status of immunotherapies.
模式识别受体（PRRs）识别病原体相关的以及内源性损伤相关的分子模式。一旦配体结合发生，细胞内就会发展信号级联以激活效应分子。因此，PRRs 在免疫监视和免疫耐受中发挥着关键作用。由于它们在细胞定位、作用阶段和配体识别方面的差异，PRRs 形成了从细胞膜到细胞质的防御网络，构成了癌症中固有和适应性免疫系统的调节网络。然而，PRRs 的激活不仅可以招募和激活抗肿瘤免疫细胞，还可以促进炎症细胞因子的释放，这可能导致肿瘤中局部炎症微环境的形成，从而促进癌症的发展。因此，PRRs 在免疫系统中的双重调节引起了广泛关注，目前的研究重点是最大限度地提高其抗肿瘤免疫活性。除了在宿主细胞中表达外，PRRs 还在肿瘤细胞中表达；这与癌症的发生和发展密切相关。本文通过阐述 PRRs 的作用机制以及免疫疗法的现状，试图阐明基于 PRR 的应用在癌症免疫治疗中的可行性和发展方向。
