College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui east Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui east Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Sep;104:402-409. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.035. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
A 9-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of graded levels of dietary starch (12%, 17%, 22%, 27% and 32%) on growth, non-specific immune responses, antioxidant capacities, immunity genes expression levels and pathogen resistance in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir inensis (initial body weight: 10.5 ± 0.5 g). Results showed that the highest weight gain rate of crabs was obtained in group containing 22% dietary starch. The highest activity of acid phosphatase, phenoloxidase and lysozyme in blood was found in crabs fed with 22-27% dietary starch. Additionally, 17%-27% dietary starch significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, reduced malondinaldehyde content and then increased the total antioxidant capacities in hepatopancreas of crabs. The highest activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase was found in crabs fed with 32% dietary starch, indicating that excess starch had a negative effect on the liver function of crabs. With the dietary starch level increased, the transcription factors gene expression of the pro-inflammatory factors were significantly up-regulated, and the highest ILF2, IL-16, Relish and ADAM10 was found in crabs fed with dietary 32% starch, which may potentially promote the inflammatory response in intestines. Moreover, with the dietary starch increased, the activity of phenoloxidase and lysozyme, as well as the gene expression of crustin, were all increased in crabs after challenge against Citrobacter freundii, which demonstrated that additional dietary starch could provide immune-protection and help crabs improve their resistance against pathogens. In conclusion, these results suggest that adequate dietary starch can increase growth, enhance innate immune responses and promote disease resistance, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response in E. inensis. Taken together, 22-27% dietary starch (25.9-30.8% dietary carbohydrate) was suggested as a digestible energy source in crabs feed.
一项为期 9 周的饲养试验旨在研究不同水平的饲料淀粉（12%、17%、22%、27%和 32%）对中华绒螯蟹（初始体重：10.5±0.5g）生长、非特异性免疫反应、抗氧化能力、免疫基因表达水平和病原体抗性的影响。结果表明，摄食含 22%饲料淀粉组的蟹增重率最高。摄食 22-27%饲料淀粉组的蟹血液中酸性磷酸酶、酚氧化酶和溶菌酶活性最高。此外，17%-27%饲料淀粉显著提高了蟹肝中超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性，降低了丙二醛含量，从而提高了蟹肝的总抗氧化能力。摄食 32%饲料淀粉组的蟹谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性最高，表明过量的淀粉对蟹的肝功能有负面影响。随着饲料淀粉水平的提高，促炎因子的转录因子基因表达显著上调，摄食 32%淀粉组的蟹 ILF2、IL-16、Relish 和 ADAM10 表达最高，这可能潜在促进了肠道的炎症反应。此外，随着饲料淀粉的增加，酚氧化酶和溶菌酶的活性以及壳聚糖基因的表达在受到柠檬酸杆菌攻毒后均增加，表明额外的饲料淀粉可以提供免疫保护，帮助蟹提高对病原体的抵抗力。综上所述，这些结果表明，适量的饲料淀粉可以增加生长，增强先天免疫反应，提高中华绒螯蟹的抗病能力，降低氧化应激和炎症反应。综合来看，22-27%的饲料淀粉（25.9-30.8%的饲料碳水化合物）可作为中华绒螯蟹饲料中的可消化能量来源。
