美国前后排乘客对使用安全带的看法和安全带佩戴行为。
Belief about seat belt use and seat belt wearing behavior among front and rear seat passengers in the United States.
机构信息
Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention & Control (NCIPC), 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
出版信息
J Safety Res. 2019 Feb;68:81-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2018.12.007. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
INTRODUCTION
Unrestrained drivers and passengers represent almost half of all passenger vehicle occupant deaths in the United States. The current study assessed the relationship between the belief about importance of seat belt use and the behavior of always wearing a seat belt.
METHOD
Data from 2012 ConsumerStyles were analyzed separately for front and rear passenger seating positions. Multivariable regression models were constructed to identify the association between seat belt belief and behavior (i.e., always wears seat belt) among adults. Models controlled for type of state seat belt law (primary, secondary, or none).
RESULTS
Seat belt use was higher in front passenger seats (86.1%) than in rear passenger seats (61.6%). Similarly, belief that seat belt use was very important was higher in reference to the front passenger seat (84.2%) versus the rear passenger seat (70.5%). For the front passenger seat, belief was significantly associated with seat belt use in states with both primary enforcement laws (adjPR 1.64) and secondary enforcement laws (adjPR 2.77). For the rear passenger seat, belief was also significantly associated with seat belt use, and two 2-way interactions were observed (belief by sex, belief by region).
CONCLUSIONS
Despite overall high rates of seat belt use in the United States, certain groups are less likely to buckle up than others. The study findings suggest that efforts to increase seat belt use among high-risk populations, such as those who live in states with secondary or no seat belt laws and those who ride in rear seats (which include people who utilize taxis or ride-hailing vehicles) could benefit from interventions designed to strengthen beliefs related to the benefits of seat belt use. Practical applications: Future research that uses a theoretical framework to better understand the relationship between beliefs and behavior may inform interventions to improve seat belt use.
简介
在美国，不受约束的驾驶员和乘客几乎占乘用车乘客死亡人数的一半。本研究评估了对安全带使用重要性的信念与始终系安全带的行为之间的关系。
方法
分别对 2012 年消费者风格的数据进行分析，分析对象为前排和后排乘客座位。构建多变量回归模型，以确定成年人中安全带信念与行为（即始终系安全带）之间的关联。模型控制了州安全带法的类型（主要、次要或无）。
结果
前排乘客座位的安全带使用率（86.1%）高于后排乘客座位（61.6%）。同样，认为安全带使用非常重要的信念在参考前排乘客座位时（84.2%）高于后排乘客座位（70.5%）。对于前排乘客座位，在有主要执法法和次要执法法的州中，信念与安全带使用显著相关（adjPR1.64）。对于后排乘客座位，信念也与安全带使用显著相关，并观察到两个双向交互作用（信念与性别，信念与地区）。
结论
尽管安全带在美国的使用率总体较高，但某些群体比其他群体更不可能系安全带。研究结果表明，对于那些生活在次要或没有安全带法的州以及那些坐在后排的高风险人群（包括使用出租车或叫车服务的人），增加安全带使用的努力可能受益于旨在加强与安全带使用相关益处的信念的干预措施。实际应用：未来使用理论框架更好地理解信念与行为之间关系的研究可以为提高安全带使用的干预措施提供信息。
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