Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.
Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
Mar Genomics. 2021 Feb;55:100790. doi: 10.1016/j.margen.2020.100790. Epub 2020 Jun 17.
Polaromonas vacuolata KCTC 22033 is an obligate aerobic, Gram-negative, psychrophilic and rod-shaped bacterium isolated from beneath the sea ice off the coast of the Palmer Peninsula, Anvers Islands, Antarctica. P. vacuolata is the type species of Polaromonas genus and the first example of gas vacuolate Betaproteobacteria isolated from marine habitats. Here, we report a complete genome of P. vacuolata KCTC 22033, which consists of 3,837,686 bp (G + C content of 52.07%) with a single chromosome, 3461 protein-coding genes, 56 tRNAs and 6 rRNA operons. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of genes involved in bacterial adaptation under saline conditions, cold adaptation via the production of gas vesicles and cell adhesion proteins, and a photoheterotrophic lifestyle when challenged by starvation. Intriguingly, several of these genes were likely acquired from species outside the Polaromonas genus. The genomic information therefore describes the unique evolution and adaptation of P. vacuolata to its extraordinary habitat, i.e., beneath the Antarctic sea ice.
极地杆菌属（Polaromonas）是一种严格需氧、革兰氏阴性、嗜冷的杆状菌，分离自南极洲安沃尔群岛帕尔默半岛沿海的海冰下。P. vacuolata 是极地杆菌属的模式种，也是首次从海洋生境中分离出的具气泡的贝塔变形菌。在这里，我们报道了极地杆菌属（Polaromonas）KCTC 22033 的完整基因组，该基因组由 3837686bp（G+C 含量为 52.07%）组成，含有一个染色体，3461 个蛋白质编码基因，56 个 tRNA 和 6 个 rRNA 操纵子。基因组分析显示了参与在盐度条件下细菌适应、通过气泡产生和细胞粘附蛋白进行冷适应以及在饥饿胁迫下进行光异养生活方式的基因的存在。有趣的是，其中一些基因可能是从极地杆菌属以外的物种中获得的。因此，基因组信息描述了 P. vacuolata 对其特殊栖息地（即南极海冰下）的独特进化和适应。
