Ramasamy Kesava Priyan, Mahawar Lovely, Rajasabapathy Raju, Rajeshwari Kottilil, Miceli Cristina, Pucciarelli Sandra
Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Jun 16;14:1197797. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197797. eCollection 2023.
Climate change and the induced environmental disturbances is one of the major threats that have a strong impact on bacterial communities in the Antarctic environment. To cope with the persistent extreme environment and inhospitable conditions, psychrophilic bacteria are thriving and displaying striking adaptive characteristics towards severe external factors including freezing temperature, sea ice, high radiation and salinity which indicates their potential in regulating climate change's environmental impacts. The review illustrates the different adaptation strategies of Antarctic microbes to changing climate factors at the structural, physiological and molecular level. Moreover, we discuss the recent developments in "omics" approaches to reveal polar "blackbox" of psychrophiles in order to gain a comprehensive picture of bacterial communities. The psychrophilic bacteria synthesize distinctive cold-adapted enzymes and molecules that have many more industrial applications than mesophilic ones in biotechnological industries. Hence, the review also emphasizes on the biotechnological potential of psychrophilic enzymes in different sectors and suggests the machine learning approach to study cold-adapted bacteria and engineering the industrially important enzymes for sustainable bioeconomy.
气候变化及由此引发的环境干扰是对南极环境中细菌群落产生强烈影响的主要威胁之一。为了应对持续的极端环境和恶劣条件，嗜冷细菌蓬勃发展，并对包括冷冻温度、海冰、高辐射和盐度在内的严峻外部因素表现出显著的适应性特征，这表明它们在调节气候变化的环境影响方面具有潜力。这篇综述阐述了南极微生物在结构、生理和分子水平上对不断变化的气候因素的不同适应策略。此外，我们讨论了“组学”方法的最新进展，以揭示嗜冷菌的极地“黑匣子”，从而全面了解细菌群落。嗜冷细菌合成独特的冷适应酶和分子，在生物技术产业中，这些酶和分子比嗜温菌的酶和分子具有更多的工业应用。因此，这篇综述还强调了嗜冷酶在不同领域的生物技术潜力，并建议采用机器学习方法来研究冷适应细菌，并对具有工业重要性的酶进行工程改造，以实现可持续生物经济。
