Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2020 Oct;66:74-81. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.05.003. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
Mast cells (MCs) are long-lived immune cells. They are armed with preformed mediators within granules that can be instantaneously released in response to an invading pathogen, including certain viruses. At the skin and mucosae, they initiate innate immune responses and promote the development of adaptive immune responses, through cellular recruitment or antigen presentation. However, systemic MC activation may promote immune pathologies through their vasoactive proteases and biogenic amines. Recently, MC products were identified to contribute to pathologies associated with viral hemorrhagic fever, such vascular leakage and thrombocytopenia. Similar associations of MCs with disease severity have been noted for certain respiratory viral pathogens. Here we discuss the specific MC responses to viruses and their influences on functional immune outcomes during infection.
肥大细胞（MCs）是长寿的免疫细胞。它们在颗粒中储备有预先形成的介质，可以在遇到入侵病原体（包括某些病毒）时立即释放。在皮肤和黏膜中，它们通过细胞募集或抗原呈递来启动先天免疫反应并促进适应性免疫反应的发展。然而，全身性 MC 激活可能会通过其血管活性蛋白酶和生物胺促进免疫病理学。最近，已经确定 MC 产物有助于与病毒出血热相关的病理学，例如血管渗漏和血小板减少症。对于某些呼吸道病毒病原体，也已经注意到 MCs 与疾病严重程度的类似关联。在这里，我们讨论了 MC 对病毒的特定反应及其对感染期间功能性免疫结果的影响。
