Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA,
Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
J Innate Immun. 2020;12(6):437-447. doi: 10.1159/000508379. Epub 2020 Jun 19.
The important role of interferons (IFNs) in antiviral innate immune defense is well established. Although recombinant IFN-α was approved for cancer and chronic viral infection treatment by regulatory agencies in many countries starting in 1986, no IFNs are approved for treatment of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. This is partially due to the complex effects of IFNs in acute influenza infection. IAV attacks the human respiratory system and causes significant morbidity and mortality globally. During influenza infection, depending on the strain of IAV and the individual host, type I IFNs can have protective antiviral effects or can contribute to immunopathology. In the context of virus infection, the immune system has complicated mechanisms regulating the expression and effects of type I IFN to maximize the antiviral response by both activating and enhancing beneficial innate cell function, while limiting immunopathological responses that lead to exaggerated tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the complicated, but important, role of type I IFNs in influenza infections. This includes both protective and harmful effects of these important cytokines during infection.
干扰素 (IFNs) 在抗病毒先天免疫防御中的重要作用已得到充分证实。尽管自 1986 年以来，许多国家的监管机构已批准重组 IFN-α 用于癌症和慢性病毒感染的治疗，但尚无 IFN 获批用于治疗甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 感染。这在一定程度上是由于 IFN 在急性流感感染中的复杂作用。IAV 侵袭人类呼吸系统，在全球范围内造成重大发病率和死亡率。在流感感染期间，取决于 IAV 株和个体宿主，I 型 IFNs 可以具有保护抗病毒作用，或者可以导致免疫病理学。在病毒感染的情况下，免疫系统具有复杂的机制来调节 I 型 IFN 的表达和作用，以通过激活和增强有益的先天细胞功能来最大化抗病毒反应，同时限制导致过度组织损伤的免疫病理学反应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 I 型 IFNs 在流感感染中的复杂但重要的作用。这包括这些重要细胞因子在感染过程中的保护和有害作用。
