Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021 Mar;68(2):417-426. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13691. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
This study was carried out to investigate the frequency and genetic diversity of pestiviruses in abortion cases in cattle and small ruminants in Turkey. During January 2012 and December 2017, a total of 2029 aborted foetuses (553 bovine foetuses, 1,388 sheep foetuses and 88 goat foetuses) were collected from different regions of Turkey. Real-time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR) assays were used to detect pestiviral RNA in aborted foetuses. To confirm the cause of abortion, pestivirus-positive foetuses were also examined for the presence of Brucella spp., Campylobacter spp., Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus), akabane virus, bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus by molecular detection methods. Pestiviral RNA was detected in 61 (11%) of the 553 bovine foetuses, 124 (8.9%) of the 1,388 sheep foetuses and 3 (3.4%) of the 88 goat foetuses. Furthermore, C. abortus DNA was detected in 3 pestivirus-positive sheep foetuses, whereas other infectious agents were not detected in pestivirus-positive foetuses. Genetic characterization of the pestivirus RRT-PCR positive samples was conducted by sequencing 5' untranslated (5' UTR) and non-structural autoprotease (N ) genomic regions. A total of 68 sequences were obtained, and phylogenetic analyses revealed that all sequences belonged to BVDV-1, including 1b (8/68), 1f (2/68), 1l (4/68), 1r (10/68), Aydin-like pestivirus (20/68) and one unknown genotype (24/68). The 5' UTR and N sequences of this unknown genotype differed from pestiviruses previously described, providing evidence for the presence of an emerging genotype within the species Pestivirus I, tentatively named as 'Konya-like' pestivirus. 'Konya-like' pestivirus was the dominant genotype in sheep foetuses, whereas Aydin-like pestivirus was found to be the predominant genotype in bovine foetuses. To the best my knowledge, this is the first report of Aydin-like pestivirus infection in cattle. The information provided in this study contributes to the understanding the dissemination and evolution of pestiviruses and could be beneficial for developing more effective vaccines.
本研究旨在调查土耳其牛和小反刍动物流产病例中瘟病毒的频率和遗传多样性。2012 年 1 月至 2017 年 12 月，从土耳其不同地区共采集了 2029 例流产胎儿（553 例牛胎儿、1388 例绵羊胎儿和 88 例山羊胎儿）。采用实时 RT-PCR（RRT-PCR）检测流产胎儿中瘟病毒 RNA。为了确认流产的原因，还通过分子检测方法检查了瘟病毒阳性胎儿中布鲁氏菌属、弯曲菌属、衣原体流产（C.abortus）、阿卡斑病毒、蓝舌病病毒和沙米利恩伯格病毒的存在情况。在 553 例牛胎儿中，有 61 例（11%）、1388 例绵羊胎儿中有 124 例（8.9%）、88 例山羊胎儿中有 3 例（3.4%）检测到瘟病毒 RNA。此外，在 3 例瘟病毒阳性绵羊胎儿中检测到 C.abortus DNA，而在瘟病毒阳性胎儿中未检测到其他传染性病原体。通过对 5'非翻译区（5'UTR）和非结构自蛋白酶（N）基因组区域进行测序，对瘟病毒 RRT-PCR 阳性样本进行遗传特征分析。共获得 68 条序列，系统进化分析表明，所有序列均属于 BVDV-1，包括 1b（8/68）、1f（2/68）、1l（4/68）、1r（10/68）、Aydin 样瘟病毒（20/68）和一种未知基因型（24/68）。该未知基因型的 5'UTR 和 N 序列与以前描述的瘟病毒不同，为种瘟病毒 I 内存在新基因型提供了证据，暂定名为“Konya 样”瘟病毒。Konya 样瘟病毒是绵羊胎儿中的主要基因型，而 Aydin 样瘟病毒则是牛胎儿中的主要基因型。据我所知，这是首次在牛中报告 Aydin 样瘟病毒感染。本研究提供的信息有助于了解瘟病毒的传播和进化，并可能有助于开发更有效的疫苗。
