Hecker Yanina Paola, González-Ortega Sara, Cano Santiago, Ortega-Mora Luis Miguel, Horcajo Pilar
SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), INTA-CONICET, Balcarce, Argentina.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Sep 29;10:1249410. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1249410. eCollection 2023.
The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the main infectious agents related to bovine abortion worldwide in the period between 2000 and 2022. First, we investigated the global prevalence of infectious agents related to bovine abortion. For this analysis, only 27 articles detected of a wide panel of agents were included. The random effects model revealed that the estimated prevalence of the abortifacient agents in bovine abortion was 45.7%. The heterogeneity among studies was high, but Egger's test showed that there was no publication bias, even though the total number of samples analyzed in these articles was variable. There was no significant effect of the year of the study publication on the estimated prevalence, although an increasing trend was observed over time, possibly due to the implementation of new diagnostic techniques. Then, we analyzed the prevalence of the main transmissible agents in bovine abortion. For this analysis, 76 studies that analyzed 19,070 cases were included. Some infectious agent was detected in 7,319 specimens, and a final diagnosis was reached in 3,977 of these, when both the infectious agent and compatible histopathological changes were detected. We found that was the most detected agent (22.2%), followed by opportunistic bacteria (21.4%), Chlamydiaceae family (10.9%) and (9.5%). Regarding viral agents, bovine herpes virus type 1 and bovine viral diarrhea displayed similar prevalence rates (approximately 5%). After considering the description of specific histopathological changes, our analyzes showed that was a confirmed cause of abortion in 16.7% of the analyzed cases, followed by opportunistic bacteria (12.6%) and spp. (6.8%); however, only confirmed as a cause of abortion in 1.1% of the cases. For all agents, the heterogeneity among studies was high, and the subgroup analyzes discarded the diagnostic method as the cause of such heterogeneity. This study provides knowledge about the global prevalence of the different infectious agents related to bovine abortion, the most coming of which is . In addition, this review reveals the existing deficiencies in the diagnosis of bovine abortion that must be addressed in the future.
本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是确定2000年至2022年期间全球范围内与牛流产相关的主要传染原。首先，我们调查了与牛流产相关传染原的全球流行情况。在此分析中，仅纳入了在大量病原体检测中发现的27篇文章。随机效应模型显示，牛流产中致流产病原体的估计流行率为45.7%。研究之间的异质性较高，但Egger检验表明不存在发表偏倚，尽管这些文章中分析的样本总数各不相同。研究发表年份对估计流行率没有显著影响，尽管随着时间的推移观察到有上升趋势，这可能是由于新诊断技术的应用。然后，我们分析了牛流产中主要可传播病原体的流行情况。在此分析中，纳入了76项研究，共分析了19070例病例。在7319份标本中检测到了某种传染原，其中3977份在同时检测到传染原和符合的组织病理学变化时得出了最终诊断。我们发现，[此处原文缺失病原体名称]是检测到最多的病原体（22.2%），其次是机会性细菌（21.4%）、衣原体科（10.9%）和[此处原文缺失病原体名称]（9.5%）。关于病毒病原体，牛疱疹病毒1型和牛病毒性腹泻的流行率相似（约5%）。在考虑了特定组织病理学变化的描述后，我们的分析表明，[此处原文缺失病原体名称]在16.7%的分析病例中被确认为流产原因，其次是机会性细菌（12.6%）和[此处原文缺失病原体名称]属（6.8%）；然而，[此处原文缺失病原体名称]仅在1.1%的病例中被确认为流产原因。对于所有病原体，研究之间的异质性较高，亚组分析排除了诊断方法是造成这种异质性的原因。本研究提供了关于与牛流产相关的不同传染原全球流行情况的知识，其中最常见的是[此处原文缺失病原体名称]。此外，本综述揭示了牛流产诊断中存在的缺陷，这些缺陷在未来必须得到解决。
