Neyroud A-S, Roche M, Domin M, Jaillard S, Ravel C
CHU Rennes, service de biologie de la reproduction-CECOS, 35000 Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France.
CHU Rennes, service de biologie de la reproduction-CECOS, 35000 Rennes, France.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol. 2020 Nov;48(11):820-826. doi: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.06.006. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
Development of genetic testing direct-to-consumer (DTC) for recreational purposes, although prohibited in France, is a real challenge to the current practice of gamete donation. Indeed, anonymity is a fundamental principle contributing to the ethics of donation. This principle is weakened due to the availability to the general public of these tests on the Internet. Several thousands of people are conceived by gamete donation worldwide, some of whom do not know how they were conceived. Gamete donors should be informed that their anonymity is no longer guaranteed, as they can be found by homologies of their DNA, or that of a parent or a child, potentially available in databases. Thus, adults conceived by gamete donation but not informed by their parents can discover their way of conception. Recipients of gamete donation should also be informed that their child's DNA will establish the biological discrepancy and they should be encouraged to disclose the conception to their child. Several countries now allow children conceived by donation to obtain donor's identity. In France, the Bioethics Law is currently being finalized and will now allow access to donor's identity for people conceived by gamete donation.
用于娱乐目的的直接面向消费者（DTC）基因检测的发展，尽管在法国被禁止，但对当前的配子捐赠实践构成了真正挑战。事实上，匿名是捐赠伦理的一项基本原则。由于这些检测在互联网上对公众开放，这一原则受到了削弱。全球有数千人通过配子捐赠孕育而生，其中一些人并不知道自己的孕育方式。配子捐赠者应被告知，他们的匿名不再有保障，因为通过其自身、父母或孩子的DNA同源性，有可能在数据库中找到他们。因此，通过配子捐赠孕育但父母未告知的成年人可能会发现自己的孕育方式。配子捐赠的受赠者也应被告知，其孩子的DNA会揭示生物学上的差异，应鼓励他们向孩子披露孕育情况。现在有几个国家允许通过捐赠孕育的孩子获取捐赠者的身份信息。在法国，生物伦理法目前正在定稿，将允许通过配子捐赠孕育的人获取捐赠者的身份信息。
