Barry F, Rayssac M, Gala A, Ferrières-Hoa A, Loup V, Anahory T, Brouillet S, Hamamah S
UMR INSERM Développement Embryonnaire, Environnement et Fertilité (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Département de biologie de la reproduction/DPI et CECOS, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Département de biologie de la reproduction/DPI et CECOS, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol. 2022 Dec;50(12):777-787. doi: 10.1016/j.gofs.2022.08.005. Epub 2022 Sep 9.
This review intends to introduce the changes of the new Bioethics law in the reproductive field and its application in French ART centers.
The review details the main provisions of the Bioethics Law of August 2nd 2021 as well as the three decrees published since: the first one on September 29th 2021, which specifies in particular the age conditions to benefit from ART and self-preservation of one's gametes; another decree on December 31st, 2021, to set the terms and conditions for gamete self-preservation activities for non-medical reasons and the last decree on April 14th 2022, relating to the allocation of donated gametes and embryo donation.
Since the law of August 2nd, 2021, access conditions to assisted reproductive technology (ART) have evolved in France. Previously based on pathological infertility or the risk of transmission of a serious disease, ART is now intended to respond to the parental project of a couple formed by a man and a woman, two women or an unmarried woman. With the widening of access conditions, the use of gamete donation will likely increase. The upcoming raise of children born from gamete donation has led the legislator to question their right to access their origin. From September 1st 2022, adults born from gamete donation will be able to request a special administrative authority in order to access the donor's non identifying data (age, physical characteristics, family and professional situation, motivation for the donation…) and/or the donor's identity. Moreover, the new bioethics law opens up the possibility of autologous gamete cryopreservation without medical reasons, under specific age conditions, in order to carry out an assisted reproduction technique later. If gametes are not used, autologous gamete preservation could also allow an increase in gamete donation. However, the modification of gamete donation conditions could suggest a short term decrease in donors' number. Finally, the new bioethics law further opens up research on human embryos and embryonic stem cells.
The arrangements introduced by the Bioethics Law promulgated on August 2nd, 2021 represent a major revolution in the field of Reproductive Medicine and are expected to transform the practices of reproductive biology centers and CECOS in France.
本综述旨在介绍生殖领域新生物伦理法的变化及其在法国辅助生殖技术（ART）中心的应用。
本综述详细阐述了2021年8月2日生物伦理法的主要条款以及此后发布的三项法令：第一项于2021年9月29日发布，特别规定了受益于ART的年龄条件和配子的自我保存；另一项于2021年12月31日发布，规定了非医学原因配子自我保存活动的条款和条件；最后一项于2022年4月14日发布，涉及捐赠配子的分配和胚胎捐赠。
自2021年8月2日法律颁布以来，法国辅助生殖技术（ART）的准入条件发生了变化。以前基于病理性不孕或严重疾病传播风险，现在ART旨在回应由一男一女、两名女性或未婚女性组成的夫妇的生育计划。随着准入条件的放宽，配子捐赠的使用可能会增加。即将成年的配子捐赠出生儿童促使立法者质疑他们获取自身出身信息的权利。从2022年9月1日起，配子捐赠出生的成年人将能够向一个特别行政机构申请获取捐赠者的非身份识别数据（年龄、身体特征、家庭和职业状况、捐赠动机……）和/或捐赠者的身份。此外，新的生物伦理法在特定年龄条件下，开启了无医学原因自体配子冷冻保存的可能性，以便日后进行辅助生殖技术。如果配子未被使用，自体配子保存也可能会增加配子捐赠。然而，配子捐赠条件的改变可能意味着短期内捐赠者数量的减少。最后，新的生物伦理法进一步开放了对人类胚胎和胚胎干细胞的研究。
2021年8月2日颁布的生物伦理法所做的安排代表了生殖医学领域的一场重大变革，预计将改变法国生殖生物学中心和辅助生殖技术中心（CECOS）的实践。
