Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2006, Australia.
Int J Parasitol. 2020 Jul;50(8):533-553. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.04.003. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
This review addresses the research landscape regarding vaccines against scour worms, particularly Trichostrongylus spp. and Teladorsagia circumcincta. The inability of past research to deliver scour-worm vaccines with reliable and reproducible efficacy has been due in part to gaps in knowledge concerning: (i) host-parasite interactions leading to development of type-2 immunity, (ii) definition of an optimal suite of parasite antigens, and (iii) rational formulation and administration to induce protective immunity against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) at the site of infestation. Recent 'omics' developments enable more systematic analyses. GIN genomes are reaching completion, facilitating "reverse vaccinology" approaches that have been used successfully for the Rhipicephalus australis vaccine for cattle tick, while methods for gene silencing and editing in GIN enable identification and validation of potential vaccine antigens. We envisage that any efficacious scour worm vaccine(s) would be adopted similarly to "Barbervax™" within integrated parasite management schemes. Vaccines would therefore effectively parallel the use of resistant animals, and reduce the frequency of drenching and pasture contamination. These aspects of integration, efficacy and operation require updated models and validation in the field. The conclusion of this review outlines an approach to facilitate an integrated research program.
这篇综述探讨了针对旋毛虫和环形泰勒虫等腹泻蠕虫的疫苗研究现状。过去的研究未能开发出具有可靠和可重复疗效的腹泻蠕虫疫苗，部分原因是对以下方面的知识存在差距：（i）导致 2 型免疫发展的宿主-寄生虫相互作用，（ii）定义最佳的寄生虫抗原组合，以及（iii）合理的配方和管理，以在感染部位诱导针对胃肠道线虫（GIN）的保护性免疫。最近的“组学”发展使更系统的分析成为可能。GIN 基因组即将完成，这为“反向疫苗学”方法提供了便利，该方法已成功用于牛蜱的 Rhipicephalus australis 疫苗，而 GIN 中的基因沉默和编辑方法可用于鉴定和验证潜在的疫苗抗原。我们设想，任何有效的腹泻蠕虫疫苗（或疫苗）都将类似于综合寄生虫管理计划中的“Barbervax™”被采用。疫苗将因此与使用抗性动物并行，并减少驱虫和牧场污染的频率。这些整合、疗效和操作方面需要在现场更新模型和验证。本综述的结论概述了一种促进综合研究计划的方法。
