School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China.
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Chemosphere. 2020 Nov;258:127409. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127409. Epub 2020 Jun 16.
Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), an aquatic pollutant of emerging concern, is found to disturb gut microbiota, retinoid metabolism and visual signaling in teleosts, while probiotic supplementation can shape gut microbial community to improve retinoid absorption. However, it remains unknown whether probiotic bacteria can modulate the toxicities of PFBS on retinoid metabolism and visual physiology. In the present study, adult zebrafish were exposed for 28 days to 0, 10 and 100 μg/L PFBS, with or without dietary administration of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Interaction between PFBS and probiotic was examined regarding retinoid dynamics (intestine, liver and eye) and visual stimuli transmission. PFBS single exposures remarkably inhibited the absorption of retinyl ester in female intestines, which were, however, restored by probiotic to normal status. Although coexposure scenarios markedly increased the hepatic storage of retinyl ester in females, mobilization of retinol was reduced in livers by single or combined exposures regardless of sex. In the eyes, transport and catalytic conversion of retinol to retinal and retinoic acid were interrupted by PFBS alone, which were efficiently antagonized by probiotic presumably through an indirect action. In response to the availability of retinal chromophore, transcriptions of opsins and arrestin genes were altered adaptively to control visual perception and termination. Neurotransmission across retina circuitry was changed accordingly, centering on epinephrine and norepinephrine. In summary, the present study found the efficient modulation of probiotic on retinoid metabolic disorders of PFBS pollution, which subsequently impacted visual signaling. A future work is warranted to provide mechanistic clues in retinoid interaction.
全氟丁烷磺酸 (PFBS) 作为一种新兴的水生污染物，被发现会扰乱硬骨鱼类的肠道微生物群、类视黄醇代谢和视觉信号，而益生菌补充剂可以塑造肠道微生物群落，从而改善类视黄醇的吸收。然而，目前尚不清楚益生菌是否可以调节 PFBS 对类视黄醇代谢和视觉生理学的毒性。在本研究中，成年斑马鱼暴露于 0、10 和 100μg/L PFBS 中 28 天，同时或不给予益生菌鼠李糖乳杆菌的饮食补充。研究了 PFBS 与益生菌之间的相互作用，以观察类视黄醇动态（肠道、肝脏和眼睛）和视觉刺激传递。PFBS 单一暴露显著抑制了雌性斑马鱼肠道中视黄酯的吸收，但益生菌可将其恢复至正常状态。尽管共暴露情景显著增加了雌性肝脏中视黄酯的储存，但无论性别如何，单一或联合暴露均减少了肝脏中视黄醇的动员。在眼睛中，PFBS 单独作用会干扰视黄醇向视网膜和视黄酸的转运和催化转化，而益生菌则可以通过间接作用有效地拮抗这种作用。为了适应视网膜色素视黄醛的可用性，视蛋白和 arrestin 基因的转录发生适应性改变，以控制视觉感知和终止。视网膜电路中的神经传递也相应发生改变，以肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素为中心。总之，本研究发现益生菌对 PFBS 污染导致的类视黄醇代谢紊乱有有效的调节作用，进而影响视觉信号。需要进一步的研究来提供类视黄醇相互作用的机制线索。
