Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, MedOralRes. Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Valdeorras Hospital, El Barco de Valdeorras, Ourense, Spain.
J Cancer Educ. 2022 Apr;37(2):296-303. doi: 10.1007/s13187-020-01811-4.
Several observational studies have demonstrated the increased awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) as an etiological factor of oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs). The incidence of OPCs has increased in recent times, particularly among younger women, and the efficacy of the HPV vaccine in preventing these cancers has gained attention among the medical community. The aim of this study was to explore the health literacy of Spanish adult women regarding factors associated with HPV and its link to OPCs, as well as their awareness of the HPV vaccination. A survey was distributed to 508 women, and 409 (70.5%) were considered as valid participants. The majority of the participants were Caucasian (97.8%) with a mean age of 44.1 ± 11.6. Out of all the participants, only 48.9% women identified HPV as a possible etiology of OPC. The most common sources of information regarding this association were the internet (31.3%), video media (28.9%), and healthcare professionals (28.9%), whereas 16.1% of the participants reported that they had obtained information from three or more sources. The average number of correct answers in the 16-item survey which was used to determine the participants' knowledge of HPV-related diseases was 8.7 ± 4.2, and the average number of correct answers in the 6-item survey regarding the usefulness of the HPV vaccination was 3.3 ± 1.6. According to bivariate models, the variables associated with a poorer level of awareness were related mainly to education (p < 0.001), sexual behavior (p < 0.001), and employment status (p < 0.001). This study contributes toward the discovery of the previously unforeseen psychosocial burden of HPV and its related diseases among Spanish women.
几项观察性研究表明，人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）作为口咽癌（OPC）的病因的认识有所提高。近年来，OPC 的发病率有所增加，尤其是在年轻女性中，HPV 疫苗预防这些癌症的功效引起了医学界的关注。本研究旨在探讨西班牙成年女性对 HPV 相关因素及其与 OPC 关联的健康素养，以及她们对 HPV 疫苗接种的认识。向 508 名女性分发了一份调查问卷，其中 409 名（70.5%）被认为是有效参与者。大多数参与者为白种人（97.8%），平均年龄为 44.1±11.6 岁。在所有参与者中，只有 48.9%的女性认为 HPV 是 OPC 的一个可能病因。关于这种关联，最常见的信息来源是互联网（31.3%）、视频媒体（28.9%）和医疗保健专业人员（28.9%），而 16.1%的参与者表示他们从三个或更多来源获得了信息。用于确定参与者对 HPV 相关疾病的知识的 16 项调查的平均正确答案数为 8.7±4.2，用于确定 HPV 疫苗接种有用性的 6 项调查的平均正确答案数为 3.3±1.6。根据双变量模型，与认知水平较差相关的变量主要与教育（p<0.001）、性行为（p<0.001）和就业状况（p<0.001）有关。这项研究有助于发现西班牙女性以前未知的 HPV 及其相关疾病的心理社会负担。
