德国普通民众对人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）和 HPV 疫苗接种的认知：缺乏认知和需要采取行动。
Awareness of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Vaccination amongst the General Population in Germany: Lack of Awareness and Need for Action.
机构信息
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
出版信息
Oncol Res Treat. 2022;45(10):561-567. doi: 10.1159/000525697. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
INTRODUCTION
The oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) types 16 and 18 contribute to more than 73% cases of all HPV-related cancers and commonly affect the anogenital and head and neck region, with rapidly rising incidence rates of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). HPV vaccination has the potential to decrease the burden of HPV-related disease, but vaccination rates remain low in many countries. We investigated the level of awareness of HPV, and HPV-OPSCC in particular, in a representative sample of the German population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
As part of an online, population-based survey, an electronic questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of 1,095 adult individuals with a specific emphasis on awareness of HPV, transmission, and indicator symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer. Statistical analysis of levels of awareness and relation of these to age, gender, and socioeconomic background were conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25.0.
RESULTS
699/1,095 (63.8%) subjects had never heard of HPV. Of the subjects with awareness for HPV, 210 knew that HPV could be transmitted during sex (58.3%) and 138 recognized HPV as a risk factor for OPSCC (14.2%), unrelated to gender (p = 0.357), educational status (p = 0.581), or family status (p = 0.719). 416 subjects knew that a preventive vaccine against HPV existed (44.9%). Women were significantly more aware of HPV (34.2% vs. 22.8%, p < 0.001) and the vaccination (56.4% vs. 32.7%, p < 0.001) as were men. Younger individuals (age group 25-34) were significantly more aware of HPV (p < 0.001), likely as they were offered and/or had received the HPV vaccination. There was no regional variation of HPV awareness within the German state (p = 0.051).
CONCLUSION
Here we demonstrate a significant lack of awareness of HPV and HPV vaccination in a representative sample of the German population. Levels of awareness of the link of HPV and oropharyngeal cancer are particularly low, bearing in mind that this cancer is commonly affecting men and incidence rates are rapidly rising in many European countries and the USA. Awareness programs and further education are required to tackle the low awareness rates and increase the uptake of the vaccination program not only in Germany, but also worldwide.
简介
致癌型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）16 型和 18 型导致了超过 73%的 HPV 相关癌症病例，通常影响肛门生殖器和头颈部，HPV 相关口咽鳞状细胞癌（OPSCC）的发病率呈快速上升趋势。HPV 疫苗接种有降低 HPV 相关疾病负担的潜力，但在许多国家，疫苗接种率仍然很低。我们在德国代表性人群中调查了 HPV 特别是 HPV-OPSCC 的认知水平。
材料与方法
作为在线人群调查的一部分，向 1095 名成年个体发放了电子问卷，重点关注 HPV、传播途径和口咽癌的症状。使用 IBM SPSS Statistics 版本 25.0 对认知水平以及与年龄、性别和社会经济背景的关系进行了统计学分析。
结果
699/1095（63.8%）名受试者从未听说过 HPV。在对 HPV 有认知的受试者中，210 名知道 HPV 可以通过性行为传播（58.3%），138 名知道 HPV 是 OPSCC 的危险因素（14.2%），与性别无关（p=0.357）、教育程度（p=0.581）或家庭状况（p=0.719）。416 名受试者知道有预防 HPV 的疫苗（44.9%）。女性对 HPV（34.2%对 22.8%，p<0.001）和疫苗接种（56.4%对 32.7%，p<0.001）的认知明显高于男性。年轻人（25-34 岁年龄组）对 HPV 的认知明显更高（p<0.001），这可能是因为他们接受了 HPV 疫苗接种或接种建议。在德国州内没有 HPV 认知的区域差异（p=0.051）。
结论
在德国代表性人群中，我们发现 HPV 和 HPV 疫苗接种的认知度显著不足。HPV 与口咽癌关联的认知水平特别低，考虑到这种癌症通常影响男性，并且在许多欧洲国家和美国的发病率正在迅速上升。需要开展宣传活动和进一步教育，不仅在德国，而且在全球范围内，提高对疫苗接种计划的认知度，增加疫苗接种率。
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