Westerlund Michael, Hökby Sebastian, Hadlaczky Gergö
Department of Media Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jun 5;11:1113. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01113. eCollection 2020.
Previous studies have shown that suicide-bereaved individuals may suffer increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) due to traumatic grief. In this paper, we present the self-reported rate of STB among Swedish suicide-bereaved women ( = 293). Data was collected in a cross-sectional anonymous survey on the homepages of Sweden's leading suicide survivor organization, SPES. We used logistic regression to evaluate risks (of any STB event) related to losing a child compared to other relatives and the experience of social avoidance from family members, as well as feelings of shame and guilt. The self-reported rate of suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts was 60, 24, and 5 percent, respectively, considerably higher than in the general population. Results showed that all of the investigated variables were independent risk factors for STB (ORs ranged between 1.29 and 2.69). Women who had both lost a child and experienced family avoidance reported the highest STB rate (87.5%), and we found an interaction effect between these two risk factors (OR = 3.45; 95% CI = 1.05-11.32) that was related to self-reported shame. It is concluded that perceived responsibility for someone else's suicide, and the social avoidance associated with it, may play an important role for suicide survivors and should be targeted by postvention activities.
先前的研究表明，因创伤性悲伤，经历过他人自杀的个体可能会有更高的自杀念头和行为（STB）风险。在本文中，我们呈现了瑞典经历过他人自杀的女性（n = 293）自我报告的STB发生率。数据是在瑞典领先的自杀幸存者组织SPES的主页上进行的一项横断面匿名调查中收集的。我们使用逻辑回归来评估与失去孩子相比失去其他亲属以及家庭成员社交回避经历、羞耻感和内疚感相关的（任何STB事件的）风险。自我报告的自杀念头、计划和尝试的发生率分别为60%、24%和5%，显著高于一般人群。结果表明，所有调查变量都是STB的独立风险因素（比值比范围在1.29至2.69之间）。既失去孩子又经历过家庭回避的女性报告的STB发生率最高（87.5%），并且我们发现这两个风险因素之间存在与自我报告的羞耻感相关的交互作用（比值比 = 3.45；95%置信区间 = 1.05 - 11.32）。研究得出结论，对他人自杀的感知责任以及与之相关的社交回避，可能对自杀幸存者起着重要作用，应该成为善后干预活动的目标。
