Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Jun 9;11:370. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00370. eCollection 2020.
Diabetes mellitus is becoming more prevalent and even with new advancements which improve glycaemic control, complications of diabetes are common. Vascular complications of diabetes include the microvascular complications: retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. Macrovascular complications are also common in patients with diabetes and arguably more concerning as they confer a high mortality risk yet are sometimes under-treated. Risk factors for diabetes complications start to occur in childhood and adolescents and some youths may be diagnosed with complications before transition to adult care. This article discusses the prevalence, risk factors, screening, and treatment recommendations for vascular complications in children and adolescents with diabetes.
糖尿病的发病率越来越高，尽管新的进展提高了血糖控制水平，但糖尿病的并发症仍然很常见。糖尿病的血管并发症包括微血管并发症：视网膜病变、肾病、周围和自主神经病变。大血管并发症在糖尿病患者中也很常见，而且更令人担忧，因为它们会带来高死亡率，但有时治疗不足。糖尿病并发症的危险因素在儿童和青少年时期就开始出现，有些青少年在过渡到成人护理之前可能已经被诊断出患有并发症。本文讨论了儿童和青少年糖尿病血管并发症的患病率、危险因素、筛查和治疗建议。
