Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Jun 3;10:263. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00263. eCollection 2020.
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are carbohydrate binding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which play a central role in host recognition of pathogenic microorganisms. Signaling through CLRs displayed on antigen presenting cells dictates important innate and adaptive immune responses. Several pathogens have evolved mechanisms to exploit the receptors or signaling pathways of the CLR system to gain entry or propagate in host cells. CLR responses to high priority pathogens such as , HIV, Ebola, and others are described and considered potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. and HIV are the leading causes of death due to infectious disease and have a synergistic relationship that further promotes aggressive disease in co-infected persons. Immune recognition through CLRs and other PRRs are important determinants of disease outcomes for both TB and HIV. Investigations of CLR responses to and HIV, to date, have primarily focused on single infection outcomes and do not account for the potential effects of co-infection. This review will focus on CLRs recognition of and HIV motifs. We will describe their respective roles in protective immunity and immune evasion or exploitation, as well as their potential as genetic determinants of disease susceptibility, and as avenues for development of therapeutic interventions. The potential convergence of CLR-driven responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the setting of and HIV co-infection will further be discussed relevant to disease pathogenesis and development of clinical interventions.
C 型凝集素受体 (CLRs) 是碳水化合物结合模式识别受体 (PRRs)，在宿主识别致病微生物中发挥核心作用。通过抗原呈递细胞上显示的 CLR 进行信号传导，决定了重要的先天和适应性免疫反应。一些病原体已经进化出利用 CLR 系统的受体或信号通路的机制，以在宿主细胞中获得进入或繁殖。描述了 CLR 对高优先级病原体（如结核分枝杆菌、HIV、埃博拉病毒等）的反应，并将其视为治疗干预的潜在途径。结核分枝杆菌和 HIV 是导致传染病死亡的主要原因，它们之间存在协同关系，进一步促进了合并感染患者的侵袭性疾病。CLR 和其他 PRRs 的免疫识别是结核分枝杆菌和 HIV 疾病结局的重要决定因素。迄今为止，对 CLR 对结核分枝杆菌和 HIV 的反应的研究主要集中在单一感染结果上，并且没有考虑到合并感染的潜在影响。这篇综述将重点介绍 CLR 对结核分枝杆菌和 HIV 模式的识别。我们将描述它们在保护性免疫和免疫逃避或利用方面的各自作用，以及它们作为疾病易感性的遗传决定因素，以及作为开发治疗干预措施的途径的潜力。在结核分枝杆菌和 HIV 合并感染的情况下，固有和适应性免疫系统的 CLR 驱动反应的潜在融合将进一步讨论与疾病发病机制和临床干预措施的发展相关。
