Boeven Philipp H G, Zhao Yusheng, Thorwarth Patrick, Liu Fang, Maurer Hans Peter, Gils Mario, Schachschneider Ralf, Schacht Johannes, Ebmeyer Erhard, Kazman Ebrahim, Mirdita Vilson, Dörnte Jost, Kontowski Stefan, Horbach Ralf, Cöster Hilmar, Holzapfel Josef, Jacobi Andreas, Ramgraber Ludwig, Reinbrecht Carsten, Starck Norbert, Varenne Pierrick, Starke Anne, Schürmann Friederike, Ganal Martin, Polley Andreas, Hartung Jens, Beier Sebastian, Scholz Uwe, Longin C Friedrich H, Reif Jochen C, Jiang Yong, Würschum Tobias
State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany.
Sci Adv. 2020 Jun 12;6(24):eaay4897. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4897. eCollection 2020 Jun.
The genetics underlying heterosis, the difference in performance of crosses compared with midparents, is hypothesized to vary with relatedness between parents. We established a unique germplasm comprising three hybrid wheat sets differing in the degree of divergence between parents and devised a genetic distance measure giving weight to heterotic loci. Heterosis increased steadily with heterotic genetic distance for all 1903 hybrids. Midparent heterosis, however, was significantly lower in the hybrids including crosses between elite and exotic lines than in crosses among elite lines. The analysis of the genetic architecture of heterosis revealed this to be caused by a higher portion of negative dominance and dominance-by-dominance epistatic effects. Collectively, these results expand our understanding of heterosis in crops, an important pillar toward global food security.
杂种优势是指杂交种与双亲均值相比的表现差异，据推测其潜在的遗传学机制会因亲本间的亲缘关系而异。我们构建了一个独特的种质资源，它由三组杂交小麦组成，亲本间的差异程度各不相同，并设计了一种能赋予杂种优势位点权重的遗传距离测量方法。对于所有1903个杂交种，杂种优势随杂种优势遗传距离稳步增加。然而，包括优良品系与外来品系杂交在内的杂交种的中亲杂种优势，显著低于优良品系间杂交的杂种优势。杂种优势遗传结构分析表明，这是由较高比例的负向显性和显性-显性上位性效应导致的。总体而言，这些结果拓展了我们对作物杂种优势的理解，这是实现全球粮食安全的重要支柱。
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