Liu Wenwen, He Guangming, Deng Xing Wang
School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China.
iScience. 2024 Jan 31;27(2):108901. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108901. eCollection 2024 Feb 16.
Heterosis, a universal phenomenon in nature, mainly reflected in the superior productivity, quality, and fitness of F hybrids compared with their inbred parents, has been exploited in agriculture and greatly benefited human society in terms of food security. However, the flexible and efficient utilization of heterosis has remained a challenge in hybrid breeding systems because of the limitations of "three-line" and "two-line" methods. In the past two decades, rapidly developed biotechnologies have provided unprecedented conveniences for both understanding and utilizing heterosis. Notably, "third-generation" (3G) hybrid breeding technology together with high-throughput sequencing and gene editing greatly promoted the efficiency of hybrid breeding. Here, we review emerging ideas about the genetic or molecular mechanisms of heterosis and the development of 3G hybrid breeding system in the age of biotechnology. In addition, we summarized opportunities and challenges for optimal heterosis utilization in the future.
杂种优势是自然界普遍存在的现象，主要体现在杂种一代（F）与其自交亲本相比具有更高的生产力、品质和适应性，已在农业中得到利用，并在粮食安全方面极大地造福了人类社会。然而，由于“三系”和“两系”方法的局限性，杂种优势的灵活高效利用在杂交育种体系中仍然是一个挑战。在过去二十年中，迅速发展的生物技术为理解和利用杂种优势提供了前所未有的便利。值得注意的是，“第三代”（3G）杂交育种技术与高通量测序和基因编辑一起极大地提高了杂交育种的效率。在此，我们综述了关于杂种优势遗传或分子机制的新观点以及生物技术时代3G杂交育种体系的发展。此外，我们总结了未来最佳利用杂种优势的机遇和挑战。
