Department of Economics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA.
Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2020 Oct 1;271:110968. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110968. Epub 2020 Jun 23.
Tourism is frequently promoted as a strategy for sustainable economic development in developing countries. However, the preferred methodology for empirically assessing tourism's economic impacts on local economies, applied computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling, does not account for how tourism affects local natural resource stocks upon which many households depend. We develop a bioeconomic local CGE model to show how market-driven impacts of tourism expansion affect natural resource availability over time. We then show how changes in resource availability affect local incomes of different socioeconomic groups. We parameterize our model with household, business, and tourist survey data from a municipality in the Philippines. We find that tourism expansion increases local real incomes in the short run, but this causes a decline in a local open-access natural resource that erodes real incomes over time, particularly for households engaged in the natural resource sector. Different market integration contexts, as expressed through trade linkages, can mitigate natural resource decline, but this reduces the overall local economic benefit of tourism.
旅游业常被宣传为发展中国家实现可持续经济发展的一种策略。然而，用于实证评估旅游业对地方经济的经济影响的首选方法——可计算一般均衡 (CGE) 模型——并未考虑旅游业如何影响许多家庭依赖的地方自然资源存量。我们开发了一种生物经济地方 CGE 模型，以展示旅游扩张的市场驱动影响如何随时间影响自然资源的可获得性。然后，我们展示了资源可用性的变化如何影响不同社会经济群体的当地收入。我们使用菲律宾一个直辖市的家庭、企业和游客调查数据对我们的模型进行参数化。我们发现，旅游扩张在短期内会增加当地的实际收入，但这会导致当地一种开放获取自然资源的减少，随着时间的推移，这会侵蚀实际收入，特别是对从事自然资源部门的家庭而言。不同的市场整合背景，如通过贸易联系表达的，可减轻自然资源的减少，但这会降低旅游业的整体地方经济效益。
