Pamir M Necmettin, Özduman Koray
Department of Neurosurgery, Acıbadem University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Neurosurgery, Acıbadem University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;170:25-35. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822198-3.00025-2.
Meningiomas that arise at the anterior clinoid process are termed clinoidal meningiomas and are characterized by unique anatomopathologic correlates that result in unique clinical behavior. According to their site of origin, clinoidal meningiomas can be further divided into three subgroups, which also differ in their clinical presentation and surgical outcome. Clinoidal meningiomas are centered on the anterior clinoid process and grow upward with a small pedicle while causing hyperostosis of the anterior clinoid process itself. The optic nerve is frequently compressed and visual symptoms occur early and in most cases. Upon surgical resection, visual symptoms improve in a significant portion of patients. Cavernous sinus invasion is infrequent. With increasing size, however, clinoidal meningiomas tend to invade surrounding neurovascular structures including distal carotid branches, which results in poor surgical outcome. Most clinoidal meningioma cases are managed with surgery where the anterior clinoid process is also removed along with the tumor either with an extradural or an intradural approach. Standard as well as minimal invasive and skull base approaches are advocated by different groups, but the results are comparable. Surgical results are very good in most cases with low mortality and morbidity. Invasion of the internal carotid artery, optic nerve, or distal carotid branches increase the risk of a postoperative residual. Recurrences are observed and usually managed with Gamma-Knife radiosurgery.
起源于前床突的脑膜瘤被称为床突脑膜瘤,其具有独特的解剖病理学特征,导致独特的临床行为。根据其起源部位,床突脑膜瘤可进一步分为三个亚组,它们在临床表现和手术结果上也有所不同。床突脑膜瘤以前床突为中心,以小蒂向上生长,同时导致前床突本身骨质增生。视神经常受压迫,视觉症状出现较早且在大多数病例中存在。手术切除后,相当一部分患者的视觉症状会改善。海绵窦侵犯不常见。然而,随着肿瘤体积增大,床突脑膜瘤往往会侵犯周围神经血管结构,包括颈内动脉远端分支,这导致手术效果不佳。大多数床突脑膜瘤病例采用手术治疗,手术时可采用硬膜外或硬膜内入路,将前床突与肿瘤一并切除。不同的团队主张采用标准手术以及微创和颅底入路,但结果相当。大多数情况下手术效果非常好,死亡率和发病率较低。颈内动脉、视神经或颈内动脉远端分支受侵犯会增加术后残留的风险。会观察到复发情况,通常采用伽玛刀放射外科治疗。
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