Delbarre M, Froussart-Maille F
Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des Armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, BP 406, 92141 Clamart cedex, France.
Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des Armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, BP 406, 92141 Clamart cedex, France; École du Val-de-Grâce, 1, place Alphonse-Laveran, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France.
J Fr Ophtalmol. 2020 Sep;43(7):653-659. doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2019.11.009. Epub 2020 Jun 22.
Cataract is a partial or total opacification of the crystalline lens. In adults, cataract is acquired; the most common form is the age-related cataract. Assessment of the functional impact of a cataract is clinical. The common symptom is loss of visual acuity, but other symptoms (photophobia, monocular diplopia, myopic shift, change in color vision, etc.) may be found depending on the anatomical distribution of the opacities (nuclear, posterior subcapsular, cortical). Diagnosis is based on slit-lamp examination after pupillary dilation. This allows classification of the opacities according to their anatomical distribution and can help direct any etiologic work-up. A number of potential causes should be ruled out before concluding that a cataract is age-related. Cataracts may be iatrogenic, associated with other ocular or systemic disease, or induced by ocular trauma. Knowledge of the signs, symptoms, and clinical forms of cataract helps to establish proper indications for cataract surgery in accordance with preferred practice patterns in ophthalmology.
白内障是晶状体的部分或完全混浊。在成年人中，白内障是后天获得性的；最常见的形式是年龄相关性白内障。对白内障功能影响的评估是临床性的。常见症状是视力丧失，但根据混浊的解剖分布（核性、后囊下、皮质性），可能会发现其他症状（畏光、单眼复视、近视性移位、色觉改变等）。诊断基于散瞳后的裂隙灯检查。这有助于根据混浊的解剖分布对其进行分类，并有助于指导任何病因学检查。在认定白内障是年龄相关性之前，应排除一些潜在原因。白内障可能是医源性的，与其他眼部或全身性疾病相关，或由眼外伤引起。了解白内障的体征、症状和临床类型有助于根据眼科的首选实践模式确定白内障手术的适当适应证。
