Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 10;11:1179. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01179. eCollection 2020.
Unique structural features characterize the P2X7 receptor with respect to other P2X family members. Dual gating by eATP and regulated expression of P2X7 can imprint distinct outcomes to the T cell depending on the metabolic fitness and/or developmental stage. In the thymus, signaling by P2X7 contributes to γδ T cell lineage choice. In secondary lymphoid organs, P2X7 stimulation promotes Th1/Th17 polarization of CD4 naïve cells, Tregs conversion to Th17 cells and cell death of Tfh cells that are not stimulated by cognate antigen. Moreover, P2X7 stimulation in eATP rich microenvironments, such as damaged and/or inflamed tissues as well as tumors, induces cell death of various T cell effector subsets.
独特的结构特征使 P2X7 受体有别于其他 P2X 家族成员。eATP 的双重门控和 P2X7 的调节表达可以根据 T 细胞的代谢适应性和/或发育阶段，为其打上独特的印记。在胸腺中，P2X7 的信号转导有助于 γδ T 细胞谱系的选择。在次级淋巴器官中，P2X7 的刺激促进了 CD4 幼稚细胞向 Th1/Th17 的极化、Treg 向 Th17 细胞的转化以及未被同源抗原刺激的滤泡辅助性 T 细胞（Tfh）的死亡。此外，在富含 eATP 的微环境中，如受损和/或炎症组织以及肿瘤中，P2X7 的刺激会导致各种 T 细胞效应亚群的细胞死亡。
