Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
Cancer Biol Med. 2020 May 15;17(2):293-306. doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0465.
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a complex and malignant breast cancer subtype that lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), thereby making therapeutic targeting difficult. TNBC is generally considered to have high malignancy and poor prognosis. However, patients diagnosed with certain rare histomorphologic subtypes of TNBC have better prognosis than those diagnosed with typical triple negative breast cancer. In addition, with the discovery and development of novel treatment targets such as the androgen receptor (AR), PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways, as well as emerging immunotherapies, the therapeutic options for TNBC are increasing. In this paper, we review the literature on various histological types of TNBC and focus on newly developed therapeutic strategies that target and potentially affect molecular pathways or emerging oncogenes, thus providing a basis for future tailored therapies focused on the mutational aspects of TNBC.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）是一种复杂且恶性的乳腺癌亚型，缺乏雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和人表皮生长因子受体 2（HER2）的表达，因此治疗靶向较为困难。TNBC 通常被认为具有较高的恶性程度和较差的预后。然而，某些罕见组织形态学亚型的 TNBC 患者的诊断比典型的三阴性乳腺癌患者具有更好的预后。此外，随着新型治疗靶点如雄激素受体（AR）、PI3K/AKT/mTOR 和 AMPK 信号通路的发现和发展，以及新兴的免疫疗法，TNBC 的治疗选择正在增加。本文综述了 TNBC 各种组织学类型的文献，并重点介绍了新开发的针对潜在影响分子通路或新兴癌基因的治疗策略，为未来针对 TNBC 突变方面的个体化治疗提供了依据。
