Lee D W, Yoon D H, Lee J-Y, Panday S B, Park J, Song W
Prof. Wook Song, Ph.D., Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Korea, -mail:
J Frailty Aging. 2020;9(3):179-184. doi: 10.14283/jfa.2020.23.
Physical frailty and impaired executive function of the brain show similar pathophysiology. Both of these factors lead to dysfunction of neuromuscular and abilities in elderly. High-speed power training (HSPT) has been determined to have positive effects on neuromuscular function and gait performance, as well as executive function in the elderly.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week HSPT on neuromuscular, gait and executive functions in frail elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We performed a randomized controlled trial of frail elderly from community and medical center in republic of Korea. Forty-two physically frail elderly with MCI were randomly allocated to control (n=22, age=74.22±4.46) and intervention groups (n=18, age=73.77±4.64). The intervention group was subjected to HSPT, 3 times weekly for 8 weeks.
Isometric contraction of knee extension and flexion with electromyography (EMG) was measured to determine the neuromuscular function such as knee extensor strength, rate of torque development, movement time, pre-motor time, motor time, rate of EMG rise, and hamstrings antagonist co-activation. Additionally, the 4.44-meter gait and timed up-and-go (TUG) test were administered to assess gait performance. A frontal assessment battery was measured in this study.
The 8-week HSPT regimen improved the knee extensor strength from 1.13±0.08 to 1.25±0.07 (p<0.05), the 200-ms RTD from 3.01±0.3 to 3.55±0.24 (p<0.05) and the rate of EMG rise from 166.48±13.31 to 197.94±11.51 (p<0.05), whereas the movement time and motor time were statistically decreased from 921.69±40.10 to 799.51±72.84, and 271.40±19.29 to 181.15±38.08 (p<0.05), respectively. The 4.44-m gait speed and TUG significantly decreased from 6.39±0.25 to 5.5±0.24, and 11.05±0.53 to 9.17±0.43 respectively (p<0.05).
The findings of this study suggest the favorable effects of 8-week HSPT on the neuromuscular function and the gait performance in the frail elderly with MCI without increase in the executive function.
身体虚弱和大脑执行功能受损表现出相似的病理生理学特征。这两个因素都会导致老年人神经肌肉功能和能力出现障碍。高速力量训练（HSPT）已被确定对老年人的神经肌肉功能、步态表现以及执行功能具有积极影响。
本研究旨在调查为期8周的高速力量训练对轻度认知障碍（MCI）的体弱老年人的神经肌肉、步态和执行功能的影响。
设计、地点和参与者：我们在韩国的社区和医疗中心对体弱老年人进行了一项随机对照试验。42名患有MCI的身体虚弱老年人被随机分配到对照组（n = 22，年龄 = 74.22±4.46）和干预组（n = 18，年龄 = 73.77±4.64）。干预组接受高速力量训练，每周3次，共8周。
通过肌电图（EMG）测量膝关节伸展和屈曲的等长收缩，以确定神经肌肉功能，如膝关节伸肌力量、扭矩发展速率、运动时间、运动前时间、运动时间、肌电图上升速率以及腘绳肌拮抗肌共同激活情况。此外，进行4.44米步态测试和计时起立行走（TUG）测试以评估步态表现。本研究还测量了简易精神状态检查表。
为期8周的高速力量训练方案使膝关节伸肌力量从1.13±0.08提高到1.25±0.07（p<0.05），200毫秒扭矩发展速率从3.01±0.3提高到3.55±0.24（p<0.05），肌电图上升速率从166.48±13.31提高到197.94±11.51（p<0.05），而运动时间和运动时间分别从921.69±40.10显著减少到799.51±72.84，从271.40±19.29减少到181.15±38.08（p<0.05）。4.44米步态速度和计时起立行走时间分别从6.39±0.25显著减少到5.5±0.24，从11.05±0.53减少到9.17±0.43（p<0.05）。
本研究结果表明，为期8周的高速力量训练对患有MCI的体弱老年人的神经肌肉功能和步态表现有积极影响，且不会增加执行功能。
