Zhang Mengxian, Liu Yuan, Chen Ye-Guang
The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Cell Regen. 2020 Jun 10;9(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s13619-020-00040-w.
The stomach and intestine are important organs for food digestion, nutrient absorption, immune protection and hormone production. Gastrointestinal diseases such as cancer and ulcer are big threats to human health. Appropriate disease models are in sore need for mechanistic understanding and drug discovery. Organoids are three-dimensional in vitro cultured structures derived from tissues and pluripotent stem cells with multiple types of cells and mimicking in vivo tissues in major aspects. They have a great potential in regenerative medicine and personalized medicine. Here, we review the major signaling pathways regulating gastrointestinal epithelial homeostasis, summarize different methods to generate human gastrointestinal organoids and highlight their applications in biological research and medical practice.
胃和肠道是食物消化、营养吸收、免疫保护和激素产生的重要器官。癌症和溃疡等胃肠道疾病对人类健康构成重大威胁。对于深入理解发病机制和药物研发而言，亟需合适的疾病模型。类器官是从组织和多能干细胞中体外培养出来的三维结构，包含多种类型的细胞，在主要方面模拟体内组织。它们在再生医学和个性化医疗方面具有巨大潜力。在此，我们综述调节胃肠道上皮稳态的主要信号通路，总结生成人类胃肠道类器官的不同方法，并着重介绍它们在生物学研究和医学实践中的应用。
