Stanikunas Rytis, Kulbokaite Vaiva, Svegzda Algimantas, Vaitkevicius Henrikas, Daugirdiene Ausra, Kulikowski Janus J, Murray Ian J
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J Vis. 2020 Jun 3;20(6):20. doi: 10.1167/jov.20.6.20.
Profound vision loss occurs after prolonged exposure to an unchanging featureless visual environment. The effect is sometimes called visual fade. Here we investigate this phenomenon in the color domain using two different experiments. In the first experiment we determine the time needed for a colored background to appear achromatic. Four backgrounds were tested. Each represented the observers' four unique hues. This adaptation time was compared with time to recover after adaptation Hue shifts at the end of the adaptation period were also measured. There were wide individual differences in adaptation times and recovery times. Overall recovery was faster than adaptation (p < 0.02). There were minimal shifts in hue. In the second experiment the changes in saturation (Munsell chroma) and lightness (Munsell value) of the background were monitored at six time intervals during the adapting process. Again asymmetric matching with Munsell samples was used. There were two distinct components to both the adaptation and recovery phases; one fast with time constant <1s, the other slow with time constant between 40 and 160s. The experiments show that the special case of visual fade involving color represents the sensory basis for many color-related effects involving adaptation.
长时间暴露在不变的无特征视觉环境中会导致严重的视力丧失。这种效应有时被称为视觉褪色。在此，我们通过两个不同的实验在颜色领域研究这一现象。在第一个实验中，我们确定彩色背景变为无色所需的时间。测试了四种背景。每种背景代表观察者的四种独特色调。将这种适应时间与适应后恢复所需的时间进行比较。还测量了适应期结束时的色调变化。适应时间和恢复时间存在很大的个体差异。总体而言，恢复速度比适应速度快（p < 0.02）。色调变化极小。在第二个实验中，在适应过程中的六个时间间隔监测背景的饱和度（孟塞尔彩度）和明度（孟塞尔值）的变化。同样使用与孟塞尔样本的不对称匹配。适应和恢复阶段都有两个不同的成分；一个快速成分的时间常数<1秒，另一个缓慢成分的时间常数在40到160秒之间。实验表明，涉及颜色的视觉褪色这种特殊情况代表了许多与颜色相关的适应效应的感觉基础。
