Marti B, Abelin T, Minder C E, Vader J P
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland.
Prev Med. 1988 Jan;17(1):79-92. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(88)90074-6.
Using data from two Swiss studies, a 20% random sample (n = 6,592) of all 19-year-old army conscripts and all male participants in a 16-km popular race (n = 4,358), we studied the relationships among smoking, alcohol consumption, and endurance capacity using univariate and multivariate analyses. Alcohol was significantly correlated with endurance capacity among joggers in univariate analysis, but lost its significance in multivariate analysis. Among army conscripts, the distance covered in a 12-min endurance run was inversely related to daily cigarette consumption and years of smoking (P less than 0.001). This association was apparent even among light smokers who had been smoking for less than 2 years when they were compared with nonsmokers. Among joggers, even when the lower training activity of the smokers was controlled for, smoking retained a negative, independent association with endurance capacity, as measured by 16-km race time. In multiple regression analysis of endurance capacity, the standardized regression coefficient for smoking was -0.14 for distance covered in the 12-min run and 0.10 for 16-km running time, the latter despite the low prevalence (6.9%) of regular cigarette smokers among the joggers. Seventy percent of the 16-km race participants who smoked around the time they took up jogging quit smoking as joggers. Within the limits of this cross-sectional study design, these results suggest that smoking exerts a direct, biologically mediated, deleterious effect on endurance capacity. The lower levels of exercise of the smokers did not entirely explain the difference in endurance between smokers and nonsmokers. This observation of a short-term negative association between even light smoking and endurance capacity may have implications for health education and promotion efforts.
利用来自两项瑞士研究的数据，即所有19岁应征入伍士兵的20%随机样本（n = 6592）以及一项16公里大众赛跑中所有男性参与者的样本（n = 4358），我们采用单变量和多变量分析方法研究了吸烟、饮酒与耐力之间的关系。在单变量分析中，饮酒与慢跑者的耐力显著相关，但在多变量分析中失去了显著性。在应征入伍士兵中，12分钟耐力跑的距离与每日吸烟量和吸烟年限呈负相关（P < 0.001）。即使将吸烟不到2年的轻度吸烟者与不吸烟者进行比较，这种关联也很明显。在慢跑者中，即使控制了吸烟者较低的训练活动水平，以16公里赛跑时间衡量，吸烟与耐力仍保持负向独立关联。在耐力的多元回归分析中，12分钟跑的距离的吸烟标准化回归系数为 -0.14，16公里跑时间的标准化回归系数为0.10，尽管慢跑者中经常吸烟的比例较低（6.9%）。在开始慢跑时吸烟的16公里赛跑参与者中，70%作为慢跑者后戒烟。在本横断面研究设计的范围内，这些结果表明吸烟对耐力有直接的、生物学介导的有害影响。吸烟者较低的运动水平并不能完全解释吸烟者和不吸烟者在耐力上的差异。即使是轻度吸烟与耐力之间的短期负相关这一观察结果，可能对健康教育和促进工作有启示意义。
