交叉社会控制：监禁和警察歧视对黑人性少数男性心理和 HIV 相关结果的作用。
Intersectional social control: The roles of incarceration and police discrimination in psychological and HIV-related outcomes for Black sexual minority men.
机构信息
Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA; Health Psychology and Clinical Science Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA.
出版信息
Soc Sci Med. 2020 Aug;258:113121. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113121. Epub 2020 Jun 12.
RATIONALE
Although Black gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men face disproportionately high levels of incarceration and police discrimination, little research examines how these stressors may drive HIV and psychological health inequities among these men.
OBJECTIVE
In this study we examined associations between incarceration history, police and law enforcement discrimination, and recent arrest with sexual HIV risk, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) willingness, and psychological distress among Black sexual minority men.
METHOD
Participants were a U.S. national sample of 1172 Black sexual minority men who responded in 2017-2018 to self-report measures of incarceration history, past year police and law enforcement discrimination, recent arrests, sexual HIV risk, PrEP willingness, and psychological distress. We used structural equation modeling to examine direct and indirect pathways from incarceration, police and law enforcement discrimination, and arrests to sexual HIV risk, PrEP willingness, and psychological distress.
RESULTS
Past-year police and law enforcement discrimination prevalence was 43%. Incarceration history was positively associated with later police and law enforcement discrimination, which, in turn, was positively associated with recent arrest. Incarceration and recent arrest and were associated with greater sexual HIV risk; incarceration and police and law enforcement discrimination were associated with lower PrEP willingness; and police and law enforcement discrimination was associated with higher psychological distress. Mediation analyses showed that the effects of incarceration were partially mediated by police and law enforcement discrimination.
CONCLUSION
Findings suggest police discrimination may be a mechanism of mass incarceration and fundamental driver of health inequities among Black sexual minority men.
背景
尽管黑人男同性恋、双性恋和其他性少数群体男性面临不成比例的高监禁率和警察歧视，但几乎没有研究探讨这些压力源如何导致这些男性的 HIV 和心理健康不平等。
目的
在这项研究中，我们研究了监禁史、警察和执法歧视以及最近被捕与黑人性少数男性的性 HIV 风险、暴露前预防（PrEP）意愿和心理困扰之间的关联。
方法
参与者是美国全国范围内的 1172 名黑人性少数男性，他们在 2017-2018 年期间对自我报告的监禁史、过去一年的警察和执法歧视、最近被捕、性 HIV 风险、PrEP 意愿和心理困扰进行了回应。我们使用结构方程模型来检验从监禁、警察和执法歧视以及逮捕到性 HIV 风险、PrEP 意愿和心理困扰的直接和间接途径。
结果
过去一年警察和执法歧视的患病率为 43%。监禁史与后来的警察和执法歧视呈正相关，而后者又与最近的被捕呈正相关。监禁和最近的被捕与更高的性 HIV 风险相关；监禁和警察和执法歧视与较低的 PrEP 意愿相关；警察和执法歧视与更高的心理困扰相关。中介分析表明，监禁的影响部分被警察和执法歧视所中介。
结论
研究结果表明，警察歧视可能是大规模监禁的一个机制，也是黑人性少数男性健康不平等的主要驱动因素。
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