Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China.
Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China.
Postgrad Med. 2020 Sep;132(7):650-656. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1788319. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is an established risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. However, the contemporary prevalence and risk factors of CAS in asymptomatic rural Chinese individuals, especially low-income populations, remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the present prevalence and risk factors of CAS in a low-income Chinese population.
A total of 3126 people aged ≥ 45 years without history of stroke or cardiovascular disease were recruited for this study. B-mode ultrasonography was performed to evaluate the presence of CAS. We used multivariate analysis to determine potential risk factors for CAS.
The overall prevalence of CAS in this population was 6.7%, with a prevalence of 8.8% for men and 5.0% for women. The risk of CAS increased with older age and a higher level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (all P < 0.05). Each 1-mmHg increase in SBP increased the risk of CAS by 0.011 times, each 1-mmol/L increase in LDL-C increased the risk of CAS by 0.192 times, and each 1-mmol/L increase in FBG increased the risk of CAS by 0.067 times. In addition, the risk of CAS increased 52.9% in men compared to that in women, increased 100.2% in current drinkers compared to that in never drinkers, and increased 38.9% in patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (all P < 0.05).
These findings suggest that the prevalence of CAS remains high in low-income individuals. Male sex, older age, current drinking, diabetes, and high levels of LDL-C, SBP, and FBG increase the risk of CAS. Thus, to prevent cerebrovascular disease and reduce the severe disease-associated burden for low-income individuals, there is a definitive need to control the risk factors of CAS.
颈动脉狭窄（CAS）是脑血管疾病的一个既定危险因素。然而，在无症状的农村中国人群中，特别是在低收入人群中，CAS 的当代患病率和危险因素尚不清楚。因此，我们旨在探讨低收入中国人群中 CAS 的现状患病率和危险因素。
本研究共纳入 3126 名年龄≥45 岁、无卒中或心血管疾病病史的人群。采用 B 型超声检查评估 CAS 的存在。我们采用多变量分析确定 CAS 的潜在危险因素。
该人群中 CAS 的总体患病率为 6.7%，男性患病率为 8.8%，女性患病率为 5.0%。CAS 的风险随着年龄的增长和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、收缩压（SBP）和空腹血糖（FBG）水平的升高而增加（均 P <0.05）。SBP 每升高 1mmHg，CAS 的风险增加 0.011 倍，LDL-C 每升高 1mmol/L，CAS 的风险增加 0.192 倍，FBG 每升高 1mmol/L，CAS 的风险增加 0.067 倍。此外，与女性相比，男性 CAS 的风险增加 52.9%，与从不饮酒者相比，当前饮酒者 CAS 的风险增加 100.2%，与无糖尿病者相比，糖尿病患者 CAS 的风险增加 38.9%（均 P <0.05）。
这些发现表明，CAS 在低收入人群中的患病率仍然很高。男性、年龄较大、当前饮酒、糖尿病以及 LDL-C、SBP 和 FBG 水平升高增加了 CAS 的风险。因此，为了预防脑血管疾病并降低低收入人群中严重疾病相关的负担，明确需要控制 CAS 的危险因素。
