Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, Teaching and Research Centre (TERRA), Gembloux AgroBioTech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportes 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
Association Wallonne de l'Elevage asbl (AWÉ), Champs Elysées 4, 5590, Ciney, Belgium.
BMC Genomics. 2020 Jun 26;21(1):439. doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-06854-x.
In the past several years, the use of resistant starch (RS) as prebiotic has extensively been studied in pigs, and this mostly in the critical period around weaning. RS is believed to exert beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal tract mainly due to higher levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and an improved microbiota profile. In this study, sows were fed digestible starch (DS) or RS during late gestation and lactation and the possible maternal effect of RS on the overall health of the progeny was assessed. Since RS is also described to have a positive effect on metabolism, and to investigate a metabolic programming of the progeny, half of the piglets per maternal diet were assigned to a high fat diet from weaning on to 10 weeks after.
No bodyweight differences were found between the four experimental piglet groups. The high fat diet did however impact back fat thickness and meat percentage whereas maternal diet did not influence these parameters. The impact of the high fat diet was also reflected in higher levels of serum cholesterol. No major differences in microbiota could be distinguished, although higher levels of SCFA were seen in the colon of piglets born from RS fed sows, and some differences in SCFA production were observed in the caecum, mainly due to piglet diet. RNA-sequencing on liver and colon scrapings revealed minor differences between the maternal diet groups. Merely a handful of genes was differentially expressed between piglets from DS and RS sows, and network analysis showed only one significant cluster of genes in the liver due to the maternal diet that did not point to meaningful biological pathways. However, the high fat diet resulted in liver gene clusters that were significantly correlated with piglet diet, of which one is annotated for lipid metabolic processes. These clusters were not correlated with maternal diet.
There is only a minor impact of maternal dietary RS on the progeny, reflected in SCFA changes. A high fat diet given to the progeny directly evokes metabolic changes in the liver, without any maternal programming by a RS diet.
在过去的几年中，抗性淀粉 (RS) 作为益生元在猪中的应用得到了广泛研究，主要集中在断奶前后的关键时期。RS 被认为对胃肠道有有益的影响，主要是由于短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 水平升高和微生物群组成改善。在这项研究中，母猪在妊娠后期和哺乳期中喂食可消化淀粉 (DS) 或 RS，评估 RS 对后代整体健康的可能母体效应。由于 RS 也被描述为对新陈代谢有积极影响，并研究后代的代谢编程，因此每一种母体饮食的一半仔猪从断奶开始到 10 周后都会分配到高脂肪饮食。
四个实验组仔猪的体重没有差异。高脂肪饮食确实影响背膘厚度和肉的百分比，而母体饮食没有影响这些参数。高脂肪饮食的影响也反映在血清胆固醇水平升高上。虽然在 RS 喂养母猪所生仔猪的结肠中观察到更高水平的 SCFA，但并未发现主要的微生物群落差异，并且在盲肠中观察到一些 SCFA 产生的差异，主要是由于仔猪的饮食。对肝和结肠刮取物的 RNA 测序显示母体饮食组之间存在较小差异。仅在 DS 和 RS 母猪所生仔猪之间有少数基因表达差异，网络分析显示由于母体饮食，肝脏中只有一个显著的基因簇，但没有指向有意义的生物学途径。然而，高脂肪饮食导致与仔猪饮食显著相关的肝脏基因簇，其中一个与脂质代谢过程相关的基因簇被注释。这些簇与母体饮食没有相关性。
母体饮食 RS 对后代的影响很小，仅反映在 SCFA 的变化上。高脂肪饮食直接引起肝脏的代谢变化，而不受 RS 饮食的母体编程影响。
