Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020 Jul 1;91(7):565-570. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.5401.2020.
This research aimed to analyze the body composition (BC) of different military units in the Spanish Armed Forces. We studied 179 male aircrew members (86 airplane pilots, 15 helicopter pilots and 78 transport aircrew) using bioimpedance. Airplane pilots (AP) had higher means than transport aircrew (TA) in height (179.56 cm vs 173.90 cm), total body water (46.72 L vs 42.96 L), intracellular body water (29.45 L vs 26.89 L), extracellular body water (17.27 L vs 16.07 L), proteins (12.72 kg vs11.63 kg), minerals (4.50 kg vs 4.15 kg), soft lean mass (60.21 kg vs 55.29 kg), fat free mass (63.95 kg vs 58.74 kg), skeletal muscle mass (36.41 kg vs 33.07 kg), and lower means in body mass index (24.01 kg vs 25.49 kg), body fat mass (BFM) (13.53 kg vs 18.81 kg) and percentage of body fat (PBF) (16.83 kg vs 23.79 kg). Helicopter pilots also had significantly lower means in BFM (13.21 kg vs 18.81 kg) and PBF (17.11 kg vs 18.81 kg) than TA. The different types of activity between AP (active coping with G forces) and TA (inactive) during operational flights negatively affects the body composition of TA. These results suggest differences in aircrews training and job tasks. Specific training is needed for each unit: it should be individualized, prevent injuries, and be directed by qualified personnel.
本研究旨在分析西班牙武装部队不同军事单位的身体成分（BC）。我们使用生物阻抗法研究了 179 名男性机组人员（86 名飞机飞行员、15 名直升机飞行员和 78 名运输机组人员）。飞机飞行员（AP）的身高（179.56 厘米对 173.90 厘米）、总体水量（46.72 升对 42.96 升）、细胞内水量（29.45 升对 26.89 升）、细胞外水量（17.27 升对 16.07 升）、蛋白质（12.72 公斤对 11.63 公斤）、矿物质（4.50 公斤对 4.15 公斤）、软组织瘦体重（60.21 公斤对 55.29 公斤）、无脂肪体重（63.95 公斤对 58.74 公斤）、骨骼肌质量（36.41 公斤对 33.07 公斤）均高于运输机组人员（TA），而体重指数（24.01 公斤对 25.49 公斤）、体脂肪量（BFM）（13.53 公斤对 18.81 公斤）和体脂肪百分比（PBF）（16.83 公斤对 23.79 公斤）均较低。直升机飞行员的 BFM（13.21 公斤对 18.81 公斤）和 PBF（17.11 公斤对 18.81 公斤）也明显低于 TA。AP（主动应对 G 力）和 TA（非活动）在作战飞行中活动类型的不同，对 TA 的身体成分产生负面影响。这些结果表明机组人员的训练和工作任务存在差异。需要为每个单位提供特定的培训：培训应该个性化，防止受伤，并由合格人员指导。
