Ahlert Marlies, Sträter Katharina Friederike
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. Juristische und Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät. Wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Bereich. Lehrstuhl für Mikroökonomie und Finanzwissenschaft, Halle/Saale, Deutschland.
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. Juristische und Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät. Wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Bereich. Große Steinstraße 73, 06108 Halle/Saale, Deutschland.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2020 Aug;153-154:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.zefq.2020.05.008. Epub 2020 Jun 23.
To this day, the general population's attitude towards post-mortem organ donation has primarily been analyzed using quantitative representative surveys. These studies presuppose the willingness of the interviewees to participate. Since this agreement can be positively correlated with the willingness to donate organs, a systematic bias of the samples in favor of people willing to donate cannot be excluded. Using innovative qualitative databases and methods, rarely observed positions and arguments can be systematically identified. In this way, existing quantitative empirical studies can be beneficially supplemented.
This qualitative-empirical study analyzes online discussion threads applying the GABEK® method (Software WinRelan®). Differentiated according to positive and negative attitudes towards organ donation, determinants of attitudes are extracted and condensed using network graphs. A similar procedure is used to work out assessments of alternative solutions to the existing scarcity problem in the German organ allocation system.
Discussants with a favorable attitude are mainly motivated by altruism and reciprocity. A disapproving attitude is particularly due to problems with the concept of brain death and distrust concerning the health and organ donation system. It can be demonstrated that negative attitudes are more often than not based on missing information and misinformation. With regard to alternative system solutions, monetary compensations are regarded positively, whereas the opt-out solution ("Widerspruchslösung") and concepts based on reciprocity are discussed controversially.
There is still a great need for information and trust-generating work in the German organ donation and allocation system. Qualitative analyses in addition to quantitative evidence are necessary in order to localize these needs and concretize their content.
时至今日，主要通过定量代表性调查来分析普通民众对死后器官捐赠的态度。这些研究预先假定受访者愿意参与。由于这种同意可能与器官捐赠意愿呈正相关，因此不能排除样本存在有利于愿意捐赠者的系统性偏差。使用创新的定性数据库和方法，可以系统地识别出很少被观察到的立场和论据。通过这种方式，可以有益地补充现有的定量实证研究。
这项定性实证研究运用GABEK®方法（软件WinRelan®）分析在线讨论线程。根据对器官捐赠的积极和消极态度进行区分，利用网络图提取并归纳态度的决定因素。采用类似程序来得出对德国器官分配系统中现有短缺问题替代解决方案的评估。
持赞成态度的讨论者主要受利他主义和互惠原则的激励。反对态度尤其源于脑死亡概念的问题以及对健康和器官捐赠系统的不信任。可以证明，消极态度往往基于信息缺失和错误信息。关于替代系统解决方案，货币补偿受到积极看待，而退出解决方案（“异议解决方案”）和基于互惠原则的概念则存在争议。
德国器官捐赠和分配系统在信息提供和建立信任方面仍有很大需求。除了定量证据外，还需要进行定性分析，以便确定这些需求并明确其内容。
