Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
Shaping Public Health Policies To Reduce Inequalities and Harm (SPECTRUM) Consortium, Edinburgh, UK.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 26;10(1):10487. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67003-8.
This study examined the prevalence of non-smoking norms in England and their associations with motivation to stop smoking, quit attempts, and cessation. Data were from a representative cross-sectional survey of 1,521 adults (301 combustible tobacco smokers). Descriptive non-smoking norms were endorsed, with just 16% of adults (12% of smokers) believing smoking was uncommon. Injunctive non-smoking norms were more prevalent, with 60-77% of adults (17-48% of smokers) viewing smoking as something of which others disapproved. Personal non-smoking norms were also prevalent among all adults (73% indicated they would prefer to live with a non-smoker) but not smokers (69% had no preference). Smokers who endorsed stronger descriptive non-smoking norms had increased odds of reporting high motivation to stop smoking (OR = 1.63, 95%CI 1.06-2.52). Female (but not male) past-year smokers who endorsed stronger injunctive (OR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.41-3.42) and personal (OR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.29-2.82) non-smoking norms had increased odds of having made a past-year quit attempt. In conclusion, perceived descriptive non-smoking norms are not held by the majority of adults in England. Injunctive and personal non-smoking norms are prevalent among all adults but lower among smokers. There is some evidence that smokers - in particular, women - who endorse stronger non-smoking norms are more likely to be motivated to stop smoking and to make a quit attempt.
这项研究调查了英格兰不吸烟规范的流行情况及其与戒烟动机、戒烟尝试和戒烟成功的关系。数据来自于对 1521 名成年人（301 名可燃烟草吸烟者）进行的代表性横断面调查。研究人员对描述性不吸烟规范进行了认可，只有 16%的成年人（12%的吸烟者）认为吸烟不常见。禁止性不吸烟规范更为普遍，60-77%的成年人（17-48%的吸烟者）认为吸烟是别人不赞成的事情。所有成年人（73%的人表示他们更愿意与不吸烟者生活在一起）都普遍存在个人不吸烟规范，但吸烟者（69%的人没有偏好）则不然。支持更强有力的描述性不吸烟规范的吸烟者更有可能报告有强烈的戒烟动机（OR=1.63，95%CI 1.06-2.52）。支持更强有力的禁止性（OR=2.19，95%CI 1.41-3.42）和个人（OR=1.90，95%CI 1.29-2.82）不吸烟规范的女性（但不是男性）过去一年的吸烟者更有可能在过去一年尝试戒烟。总之，在英格兰，大多数成年人并不认同描述性的不吸烟规范。禁止性和个人不吸烟规范在所有成年人中都很普遍，但在吸烟者中则较低。有一些证据表明，支持更有力的不吸烟规范的吸烟者——特别是女性——更有可能有戒烟的动机并尝试戒烟。
