Medical Faculty, Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.
Pflugers Arch. 2020 Sep;472(9):1273-1298. doi: 10.1007/s00424-020-02417-x. Epub 2020 Jun 26.
A family of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) is involved in regulating tissue-specific glucose uptake and metabolism in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue to ensure homeostatic control of blood glucose levels. Reduced glucose transport activity results in aberrant use of energy substrates and is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. It is well established that GLUT2, the main regulator of hepatic hexose flux, and GLUT4, the workhorse in insulin- and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, are critical contributors in the control of whole-body glycemia. However, the molecular mechanism how insulin controls glucose transport across membranes and its relation to impaired glycemic control in type 2 diabetes remains not sufficiently understood. An array of circulating metabolites and hormone-like molecules and potential supplementary glucose transporters play roles in fine-tuning glucose flux between the different organs in response to an altered energy demand.
一个促进葡萄糖转运体（GLUTs）家族参与调节肝脏、骨骼肌和脂肪组织中的组织特异性葡萄糖摄取和代谢，以确保血糖水平的体内平衡控制。葡萄糖转运活性降低会导致能量底物的异常利用，并与胰岛素抵抗和 2 型糖尿病有关。众所周知，GLUT2 是肝脏六碳糖通量的主要调节剂，GLUT4 是胰岛素和收缩刺激骨骼肌葡萄糖摄取的主力，它们是控制全身血糖的关键因素。然而，胰岛素如何控制跨膜葡萄糖转运及其与 2 型糖尿病血糖控制受损的关系尚不完全清楚。一系列循环代谢物和激素样分子以及潜在的补充葡萄糖转运体在响应能量需求的变化时，在不同器官之间精细调节葡萄糖通量方面发挥作用。
