Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2020 Nov;16(6):831-840. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4305. Epub 2020 Jul 31.
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticide class worldwide, and unfortunately, the widely used neonicotinoid imidacloprid is problematic for pollinators and other nontarget organisms. These nontarget impacts and the development of resistance prompt the ongoing development and testing of new neonicotinoids. The novel neonicotinoid cycloxaprid was described in 2011 and registered in China in 2015. Studies investigating its use and effect on target and nontarget species are recent and ongoing, and empirical evidence has not yet been collectively considered. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to identify and summarize data associated with target and nontarget, lethal and sublethal impacts of cycloxaprid for its use as a new insecticide. We performed keyword literature searches in Web of Science, PubMed, Academic Search Complete, and Google Scholar and explored citations used in identified articles. The search strategy yielded 66 citations; 25 citations fulfilled eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Under experimental conditions, cycloxaprid reduced populations of plant-feeding insect pests, suppressed populations of sucking and biting insect pests, and affected reproduction, development time, longevity, growth, gene regulation and expression, and phloem-feeding behavior of various life stages of certain insects. Studies focus on pest control efficacy and comparison with imidacloprid. Five nontarget organisms have been evaluated: Apis mellifera, Chrysoperla sinica, Harmonia axyridis, Daphnia magna, and Eisenia fetida. Variation in study design, to date, precludes a metaanalysis. However, these results provide valuable insight into possible effects to target and nontarget arthropods. Because cycloxaprid is a new insecticide, additional research is needed to clarify the mechanism of action of cycloxaprid and its metabolites, and to determine if it harms natural enemies or other nontarget organisms, if resistance develops, and if it exhibits cross-resistance with other insecticides. Although research on target arthropods will inform some effects on nontarget organisms, studies focusing explicitly on impacts to nontarget organisms are needed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:831-840. © 2020 SETAC.
新烟碱类杀虫剂是目前世界上使用最广泛的杀虫剂，而广泛使用的新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉对传粉者和其他非靶标生物存在问题。这些非靶标生物的影响和抗药性的发展促使新烟碱类杀虫剂的不断开发和测试。新型新烟碱类杀虫剂环丙烯于 2011 年被描述，并于 2015 年在中国注册。关于其使用和对目标和非靶标物种的影响的研究是最近才开始的，并且还在进行中，经验证据尚未得到综合考虑。因此，进行了系统评价，以确定和总结与环丙烯作为新杀虫剂的靶标和非靶标、致死和亚致死影响相关的数据。我们在 Web of Science、PubMed、Academic Search Complete 和 Google Scholar 中进行了关键词文献检索，并对已确定文章中的参考文献进行了探讨。搜索策略产生了 66 条引文；25 条引文符合资格标准并被纳入审查。在实验条件下，环丙烯降低了以植物为食的害虫种群，抑制了吸食和叮咬害虫的种群，并影响了某些昆虫各生命阶段的繁殖、发育时间、寿命、生长、基因调控和表达以及韧皮部取食行为。研究重点是害虫防治效果及其与吡虫啉的比较。已经评估了 5 种非靶标生物：蜜蜂、中华草蛉、异色瓢虫、大型溞和赤子爱胜蚓。迄今为止，研究设计的差异使得无法进行荟萃分析。然而，这些结果为了解对靶标和非靶标节肢动物可能产生的影响提供了有价值的见解。由于环丙烯是一种新型杀虫剂，需要进一步的研究来阐明其作用机制及其代谢物，以确定它是否会伤害天敌或其他非靶标生物，是否会产生抗药性，以及是否与其他杀虫剂表现出交叉抗性。尽管对靶标节肢动物的研究将为一些对非靶标生物的影响提供信息，但需要进行专门针对非靶标生物影响的研究。2020 年环境评估与管理 16:831-840. © 2020 SETAC.
