Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Choate Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CT, 06492, USA.
Neuroimage. 2020 Oct 15;220:117085. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117085. Epub 2020 Jun 24.
Approach and avoidance represent two fundamental behavioral traits that develop early in life. Previous studies have examined the neural correlates of approach and avoidance traits in adults and adolescents. Here, using the data set of the Adolescent Brain Cognition Development project, we investigated the structural cerebral bases of behavioral activation system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) in children. We employed voxel-based morphometry to examine how gray matter volumes (GMV) related specifically to BAS and BIS traits in 11,542 children (5491 girls, age 9-10 years) with 648 and 2697 identified as monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins/siblings (DZ), respectively. After accounting for the BIS score, higher BAS scores (residuals) were positively correlated with the GMV of the ventral striatum (VS), and the correlation was stronger in MZ than in DZ and unrelated children, with a heritability (h) of 0.8463. Higher BAS scores were negatively correlated with the GMV of bilateral visual, lateral orbitofrontal, temporal, and inferior frontal cortex, as well as the precuneus. Higher BIS (after accounting for BAS) scores were negatively correlated with the GMVs of the ventral caudate and bilateral putamen/pallidum, hypothalamus, and right anterior insula, and the correlation was stronger in MZ than in DZ and unrelated children, with a heritability of 0.8848. A cluster in the VS showed positive and negative correlation with the BAS and BIS scores, respectively. These findings suggest shared and distinct cerebral volumetric bases of the BAS and BIS traits in children. Whereas both traits have a strong genetic basis, the BAS relative to BIS appears to be more amenable to environmental influences. These findings add to the literature of developmental neuroscience and may help identify genetic risk factors of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology.
趋近和回避代表了两种基本的行为特征，它们在生命早期就发展起来了。先前的研究已经检查了成年人和青少年的趋近和回避特征的神经相关性。在这里，我们使用青少年大脑认知发展项目的数据集，研究了儿童行为激活系统（BAS）和行为抑制系统（BIS）的结构脑基础。我们采用基于体素的形态测量学来研究特定于 BAS 和 BIS 特征的灰质体积（GMV）如何与 11542 名儿童（5491 名女孩，年龄 9-10 岁）相关联，其中 648 名和 2697 名被确定为同卵双胞胎（MZ）和异卵双胞胎/兄弟姐妹（DZ）。在考虑 BIS 评分后，较高的 BAS 评分（残差）与腹侧纹状体（VS）的 GMV 呈正相关，且 MZ 比 DZ 和无关儿童的相关性更强，遗传率（h）为 0.8463。较高的 BAS 评分与双侧视觉、外侧眶额、颞叶和下额叶皮层以及楔前叶的 GMV 呈负相关。较高的 BIS（在考虑 BAS 后）评分与腹侧尾状核以及双侧苍白球/壳核、下丘脑和右侧前岛叶的 GMV 呈负相关，且 MZ 比 DZ 和无关儿童的相关性更强，遗传率为 0.8848。VS 中的一个簇与 BAS 和 BIS 评分分别呈正相关和负相关。这些发现表明儿童的 BAS 和 BIS 特征具有共同和独特的脑容量基础。虽然这两个特征都有很强的遗传基础，但相对于 BIS，BAS 似乎更容易受到环境影响。这些发现增加了发展神经科学的文献，并可能有助于确定外化和内化精神病理学的遗传风险因素。
