Implications of NAD boosters in translational medicine.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD ) is an essential metabolite in energy metabolism as well as a co-substrate in biochemical reactions such as protein deacylation, protein ADP-ribosylation and cyclic ADP-ribose synthesis mediated by sirtuins, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and CD38. In eukaryotic cells, NAD is synthesized through three distinct pathways, which offer different strategies to modulate the bioavailability of NAD . The therapeutic potential of dietarily available NAD boosters preserving the NAD pool has been attracting attention after the discovery of declining NAD levels in ageing model organisms as well as in several age-related diseases, including cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the recent advances in the biology of NAD , including the salubrious effects of NAD boosters and discuss their future translational strategies.