Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8103, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-114 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Building 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5160, USA.
Cell Metab. 2018 Mar 6;27(3):513-528. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.11.002. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
Research on the biology of NAD has been gaining momentum, providing many critical insights into the pathogenesis of age-associated functional decline and diseases. In particular, two key NAD intermediates, nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), have been extensively studied over the past several years. Supplementing these NAD intermediates has shown preventive and therapeutic effects, ameliorating age-associated pathophysiologies and disease conditions. Although the pharmacokinetics and metabolic fates of NMN and NR are still under intensive investigation, these NAD intermediates can exhibit distinct behavior, and their fates appear to depend on the tissue distribution and expression levels of NAD biosynthetic enzymes, nucleotidases, and presumptive transporters for each. A comprehensive concept that connects NAD metabolism to the control of aging and longevity in mammals has been proposed, and the stage is now set to test whether these exciting preclinical results can be translated to improve human health.
对 NAD 生物学的研究一直在不断推进，为年龄相关的功能衰退和疾病的发病机制提供了许多重要的见解。特别是，过去几年中，两种关键的 NAD 中间体，烟酰胺核苷（NR）和烟酰胺单核苷酸（NMN），已经得到了广泛的研究。补充这些 NAD 中间体已显示出预防和治疗作用，可以改善与年龄相关的病理生理学和疾病状况。尽管 NMN 和 NR 的药代动力学和代谢命运仍在深入研究中，但这些 NAD 中间体可能表现出不同的行为，其命运似乎取决于 NAD 生物合成酶、核苷酸酶和假定的每种转运体的组织分布和表达水平。已经提出了一个将 NAD 代谢与哺乳动物衰老和长寿控制联系起来的综合概念，现在的阶段是检验这些令人兴奋的临床前结果是否可以转化为改善人类健康。
