INRAE, MycSA, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2020 May;46(3):321-337. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2020.1781784. Epub 2020 Jun 27.
Chromatin is a highly dynamic structure that closely relates with gene expression in eukaryotes. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling, histone post-translational modification and DNA methylation are the main ways that mediate such plasticity. The histone variant H2A.Z is frequently encountered in eukaryotes, and can be deposited or removed from nucleosomes by chromatin remodelling complex SWR1 or INO80, respectively, leading to altered chromatin state. H2A.Z has been found to be involved in a diverse range of biological processes, including genome stability, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation. Due to their formidable production of secondary metabolites, filamentous fungi play outstanding roles in pharmaceutical production, food safety and agriculture. During the last few years, chromatin structural changes were proven to be a key factor associated with secondary metabolism in fungi. However, studies on the function of H2A.Z are scarce. Here, we summarize current knowledge of H2A.Z functions with a focus on filamentous fungi. We propose that H2A.Z is a potential target involved in the regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis by fungi.
染色质是一种高度动态的结构，与真核生物中的基因表达密切相关。ATP 依赖性染色质重塑、组蛋白翻译后修饰和 DNA 甲基化是介导这种可塑性的主要方式。组蛋白变体 H2A.Z 在真核生物中经常遇到，可分别由染色质重塑复合物 SWR1 或 INO80 沉积或从核小体中去除，导致染色质状态发生改变。H2A.Z 已被发现参与多种生物学过程，包括基因组稳定性、DNA 修复和转录调控。由于其能够产生大量的次生代谢物，丝状真菌在药物生产、食品安全和农业方面发挥着重要作用。在过去的几年中，染色质结构的变化已被证明是与真菌次生代谢相关的关键因素。然而，关于 H2A.Z 功能的研究还很少。在这里，我们总结了目前关于 H2A.Z 功能的知识，重点是丝状真菌。我们提出 H2A.Z 是一个潜在的参与真菌次生代谢物生物合成调控的靶点。
