Bańkosz Ziemowit, Barczyk-Pawelec Katarzyna
Faculty of Sports, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
PeerJ. 2020 Jun 17;8:e9170. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9170. eCollection 2020.
The current body of knowledge shows that there is very little research into the occurrence and scale of asymmetry or postural defects in table tennis. It is interesting which regions of the spine are exposed to the greatest changes in the shape of its curvatures and whether the asymmetrical position of the shoulder and pelvic girdles in table tennis players changes when adopting the ready position. Consequently, can overload occur in certain parts of the spine and can the asymmetry deepen as a response of adopting this position? The reply to these questions may be an indication of the need for appropriate compensatory or corrective measures. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of body position during play on the change in the shape of anterior-posterior spinal curvatures and trunk asymmetry in table tennis players.
To evaluate body posture the photogrammetric method based on the Moiré phenomenon with equipment by CQ electronic was applied. The study involved 22 female players practicing competitive table tennis (the age of 17 ± 4.5, with the average training experience of 7 ± 4.3 years, body mass of 47.8 ± 15.8, and body height of 161.2 ± 10.4). Each participant completed an author's own questionnaire on spinal pain. The shape of curvatures in the sagittal and frontal plane was evaluated in the participant in the habitual standing position and in the table tennis ready position. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and the significance of differences was tested using the Mann-Whitney test.
This study demonstrated the dominance of kyphotic body posture in table tennis players, which can be caused by many hours of using the ready position during playing. After adopting this position, there are significant differences in the angles of anterior and posterior spinal curvatures compared to the habitual posture. This may be the cause of overloads and pain complaints reported by the study participants. Adopting the ready position is also associated with an increase in asymmetry in the position (rotation) of the pelvis and spinous processes (frontal plane). Therefore, training programs should be extended with exercises that relieve the spine in the vertical line and exercises that improve symmetry of the work of the upper limbs, body trunk muscles and the pelvis.
目前的知识体系表明，对于乒乓球运动中不对称或姿势缺陷的发生情况及程度的研究非常少。有趣的是，脊柱的哪些区域其曲率形状变化最大，以及乒乓球运动员在准备姿势时肩带和骨盆带的不对称位置是否会改变。因此，脊柱的某些部位是否会出现过载，并且这种姿势的采用是否会导致不对称加剧？对这些问题的回答可能表明需要采取适当的补偿或纠正措施。因此，本研究的目的是评估比赛中身体姿势对乒乓球运动员脊柱前后曲率形状变化和躯干不对称的影响。
为评估身体姿势，采用了基于莫尔现象的摄影测量方法，使用了CQ电子公司的设备。该研究涉及22名从事竞技乒乓球运动的女性运动员（年龄17±4.5岁，平均训练经验7±4.3年，体重47.8±15.8，身高161.2±10.4）。每位参与者填写了一份关于脊柱疼痛的自编问卷。在参与者的习惯性站立姿势和乒乓球准备姿势下评估矢状面和额状面的曲率形状。进行了描述性统计分析，并使用曼-惠特尼检验来检验差异的显著性。
本研究表明乒乓球运动员中驼背姿势占主导，这可能是由于比赛中长时间采用准备姿势所致。采用该姿势后，与习惯性姿势相比，脊柱前后曲率角度存在显著差异。这可能是本研究参与者报告的过载和疼痛主诉的原因。采用准备姿势还与骨盆和棘突位置（额状面）的不对称性增加有关。因此，训练计划应增加缓解脊柱垂直线压力的练习以及改善上肢、躯干肌肉和骨盆工作对称性的练习。
