溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯和二卤代乙酰基杂环拟除虫菊酯对小鼠的急性和慢性毒性。

Acute and chronic toxicity of deltamethrin, permethrin, and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids in mice.

机构信息

School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.

Faculty of Biotechnology and Health, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P. R. China.

出版信息

Pest Manag Sci. 2020 Dec;76(12):4210-4221. doi: 10.1002/ps.5978. Epub 2020 Aug 14.

DOI:10.1002/ps.5978

PMID:32596996

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Pyrethroids, a class of insecticides, that act on the nervous system of insects. Frequent consumption of foods with pyrethroid residues increase the risk of developmental and neurological diseases in humans. Assessing the toxicity of novel synthetic pyrethroids to mammals is also critical to the development of agrochemicals.

RESULTS

Using mice as models, the acute and chronic toxicity of deltamethrin, permethrin, dihaloacetylated pyrethroids to mammals was researched by gavage administration. Acute toxicity assessment displayed that the median lethal dose (LD ) of deltamethrin, permethrin and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids DCA-O, DCA-01, and DCA-11 tested were greater than 500 mg/kg of weight. Furthermore, chronic toxicity assessment demonstrated that deltamethrin, permethrin caused epidermal damage near the genitals, while dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids DCA-O, DCA-01, and DCA-11 showed no relevant symptoms. However, both the acute and chronic toxicity assessment suggested that pyrethroids exposure induced mice loss weight. Additionally, the elevated plus maze (EPM) test showed that pyrethroids caused anxiety-like behaviors and no motor defects in Kunming mice. Beside, during the sucrose preference test (SPT), 60-day pyrethroids exposure increased excitatory behaviors in mice. However, the neurochemical studies displayed that pyrethroids exposure increased the total amount of glutamate (Gln), glutamine (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the mice's blood.

CONCLUSION

Pyrethroids exposure induced weight loss in mice, although the acute oral toxicity of deltamethrin, permethrin and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids DCA-O, DCA-01, and DCA-11 was low. However, regarding chronic toxicity, deltamethrin, permethrin and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids DCA-O, DCA-01, and DCA-11 induced anxiety-like behaviors, excitatory behaviors, Gln-Glu-GABA circulatory dysfunction in blood. Particularly, deltamethrin, though permethrin also had reproductive toxicity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

摘要

背景

拟除虫菊酯是一类作用于昆虫神经系统的杀虫剂。频繁食用含有拟除虫菊酯残留的食物会增加人类患发育和神经疾病的风险。评估新型合成拟除虫菊酯对哺乳动物的毒性对于农用化学品的发展也至关重要。

结果

本研究通过灌胃给药，以小鼠为模型，研究了溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯、二卤乙酰基杂环拟除虫菊酯 DCA-O、DCA-01 和 DCA-11 对哺乳动物的急性和慢性毒性。急性毒性评估显示，溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯和二卤乙酰基杂环拟除虫菊酯 DCA-O、DCA-01 和 DCA-11 的半数致死剂量（LD）均大于 500mg/kg 体重。此外，慢性毒性评估表明，溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯引起生殖器附近的表皮损伤，而二卤乙酰基杂环拟除虫菊酯 DCA-O、DCA-01 和 DCA-11 则没有相关症状。然而，急性和慢性毒性评估均表明，拟除虫菊酯暴露导致小鼠体重减轻。此外，高架十字迷宫（EPM）测试表明，拟除虫菊酯引起昆明小鼠出现焦虑样行为，但无运动缺陷。此外，在蔗糖偏好测试（SPT）中，60 天的拟除虫菊酯暴露增加了小鼠的兴奋行为。然而，神经化学研究显示，拟除虫菊酯暴露增加了小鼠血液中谷氨酸（Gln）、谷氨酰胺（Glu）和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的总量。

结论

尽管溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯和二卤乙酰基杂环拟除虫菊酯 DCA-O、DCA-01 和 DCA-11 的急性经口毒性较低，但拟除虫菊酯暴露会导致小鼠体重减轻。然而，就慢性毒性而言，溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯和二卤乙酰基杂环拟除虫菊酯 DCA-O、DCA-01 和 DCA-11 会引起焦虑样行为、兴奋行为、血液中 Gln-Glu-GABA 循环功能障碍。特别是溴氰菊酯，虽然氯菊酯也具有生殖毒性。© 2020 化学工业协会。