IEEE Trans Nanobioscience. 2020 Jul;19(3):579-587. doi: 10.1109/TNB.2020.2999637.
A vaccine is a biological product which is an important means for human beings to protect themselves. Most of its users are young children with weak immunity. Once a vaccine has a problem, it will pose a serious threat to the lives of many people. At present, the supervision of vaccine production is very simple. The vaccine production record is completely controlled by the enterprises. Enterprises only submit production records to the supervisory agency for review when the vaccine needs to be sold. Production records are easily forged and modified. In order to solve the shortcomings of traditional centralized management. We propose a supervision method for vaccine production based on double-level blockchain. At first, we have designed a double-level blockchain structure. The first level is private data of vaccine prduction enterprise, including production records and corresponding hash. The next level is public data, including production records hash and vaccine information. In this way, we make vaccine enterprise to submit production records in a timely manner without fear of privacy leaks. We avoid enterprise tampering or falsification of production records through the non-tampering features and time stamps of the blockchain. To improve the time efficiency, we propose a consensus mechanism for multi-node cooperate. The primary supervisory node provides sorting services and verifies the correctness of the blockchain replica. The ordinary supervisory node can replace the primary supervisory node when necessary, and help the primary supervisory node recovers data in case of information loss. The review node is responsible for providing complete and correct blockchain copies for other nodes. So we can avoids the problem of waste of time resources in the traditional blockchain system. In addition, in order to avoid the waste of space caused by the redundancy of the blockchain, we propose a vaccine data cutting mechanism. We use the timestamp of the blockchain and the vaccine validity period to determine if the block can be cutted. At the same time, it is also possible to judge whether the block can be cutted based on the information exchange with the vaccination institution. Through these methods, we have realized spatiotemporal efficiency supervision of vaccine production. And for the time being, research work in the field of vaccine production supervision is still very rare. So Our work is ground-breaking.
疫苗是一种生物制品，是人类保护自身的重要手段。其使用者大多是免疫力较弱的儿童。一旦疫苗出现问题，将对许多人的生命安全造成严重威胁。目前，疫苗生产的监管非常简单。疫苗生产记录完全由企业控制。企业仅在疫苗需要销售时才将生产记录提交给监管机构审查。生产记录很容易被伪造和篡改。为了解决传统集中式管理的缺点。我们提出了一种基于双层区块链的疫苗生产监管方法。首先，我们设计了双层区块链结构。第一层是疫苗生产企业的私有数据，包括生产记录和相应的哈希值。下一级是公共数据，包括生产记录哈希值和疫苗信息。这样，我们使疫苗企业能够及时提交生产记录，而不必担心隐私泄露。我们通过区块链的不可篡改特性和时间戳来避免企业篡改或伪造生产记录。为了提高时间效率，我们提出了一种多节点协作的共识机制。主监管节点提供排序服务，并验证区块链副本的正确性。普通监管节点在必要时可以代替主监管节点，并在信息丢失时帮助主监管节点恢复数据。审核节点负责为其他节点提供完整且正确的区块链副本。因此，我们可以避免传统区块链系统中时间资源浪费的问题。此外，为了避免区块链冗余造成的空间浪费，我们提出了一种疫苗数据切割机制。我们使用区块链的时间戳和疫苗有效期来确定块是否可以切割。同时，也可以根据与接种机构的信息交换来判断块是否可以切割。通过这些方法，我们实现了对疫苗生产的时空效率监管。并且目前，疫苗生产监管领域的研究工作还很少。因此，我们的工作具有开创性。
