Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
Viruses. 2020 Jun 27;12(7):695. doi: 10.3390/v12070695.
Alphaviruses are globally distributed and predominately transmitted by mosquitoes. species are common vectors for the clinically important alphaviruses-Chikungunya, Sindbis, and Ross River (RRV) viruses-with also being a vector for the flaviviruses dengue, Yellow Fever, and Zika viruses. was putatively implicated in the large 1979-1980 South Pacific Islands outbreak of RRV-the leading cause of arboviral disease in Australia today. The RNA interference (RNAi) defense response in mosquitoes involves a number of small RNAs, with their kinetics induced by alphaviruses being poorly understood, particularly at the tissue level. We compared the small RNA profiles between RRV-infected and noninfected midgut and fat body tissues at 2, 6, and 12 days post-inoculation (dpi). RRV induced an incremental RNAi response, yielding short interfering and P-element-induced-wimpy-testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs. Fourteen host microRNAs were differentially expressed due to RRV with the majority in the fat body at 2 dpi. The largely congruent pattern of microRNA regulation with previous reports for alphaviruses and divergence from those for flaviviruses suggests a degree of conservation, whereas patterns of microRNA expression unique to this study provide novel insights into the tissuespecific hostvirus attributes of responses to this previously unexplored oldworld alphavirus.
甲病毒在全球范围内分布，并主要通过蚊子传播。 是引起基孔肯雅热、辛德毕斯和罗斯河病毒（RRV）等重要临床病毒的常见媒介，也是登革热、黄热病和寨卡病毒等黄病毒的媒介。 被推测与 1979-1980 年南太平洋岛屿爆发的 RRV 大流行有关，这是当今澳大利亚虫媒病毒病的主要原因。蚊子中的 RNA 干扰（RNAi）防御反应涉及多种小 RNA，而它们对甲病毒的反应动力学还了解甚少，特别是在组织水平上。我们比较了 RRV 感染和未感染的 中肠和脂肪体组织在接种后 2、6 和 12 天的小 RNA 谱。RRV 诱导了一种递增的 RNAi 反应，产生了短干扰 RNA 和 P 元素诱导的软绵绵睾丸（PIWI）相互作用 RNA。由于 RRV，有 14 个宿主 microRNA 表达差异，其中大多数在 2 dpi 时在脂肪体中。microRNA 调控的模式与先前报道的甲病毒基本一致，与黄病毒的模式不同，表明存在一定程度的保守性，而本研究中 microRNA 表达模式的独特性为研究 对这种以前未探索的旧世界甲病毒的组织特异性宿主-病毒属性提供了新的见解。
