Firouzabadi Negar, Haghnegahdar Maral, Khalvati Bahman, Dehshahri Ali, Bahramali Ehsan
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Clin Pharmacol. 2020 Jun 15;12:59-65. doi: 10.2147/CPAA.S256289. eCollection 2020.
Opium addiction is a serious public health concern in the Middle East countries causing various illnesses. Opium use is associated with an increased risk of several cancers; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Altered levels of adiponectin and its related main receptors, Adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) have been associated with several malignancies. Opium users are at risk of various cancers. All together let us to the hypothesis that probable overexpression of AdipoRs in opium users might be linked to the occurrence of cancer in this population.
One hundred opium users along with 100 healthy non-opium users were enrolled in the study. Opium users were followed up for 5 years (2014-2019) to evaluate the occurrence of malignancies. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expressions were measured using a flow cytometry method.
Expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 was significantly higher in opium users compared with the healthy control group (P=0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). Eight opium users developed cancer during the follow-up period. Subjects abusing opium developed cancer by 8.6 folds comparing to non-opium users (P=0.034; OR=8.6; 95% CI (1.06-70.1)). Expression of these two receptors was significantly higher in opium users developing cancer compared with cancer-free opium (P=0.001).
Considering the significant overexpression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in opium users and in opium users who developed malignancies and the association between upregulation of these receptors in most cancers affecting opium users and assessment of AdipoRs may serve as an early detection tool of cancer in this population.
鸦片成瘾在中东国家是一个严重的公共卫生问题，会引发各种疾病。使用鸦片会增加患几种癌症的风险；然而，其潜在机制尚未完全阐明。脂联素及其相关主要受体脂联素受体1和2（AdipoR1和AdipoR2）水平的改变与多种恶性肿瘤有关。鸦片使用者有患各种癌症的风险。综合这些因素，我们提出一个假设，即鸦片使用者中AdipoRs可能的过度表达可能与该人群中癌症的发生有关。
本研究招募了100名鸦片使用者和100名健康非鸦片使用者。对鸦片使用者进行了5年（2014 - 2019年）的随访，以评估恶性肿瘤的发生情况。采用流式细胞术方法测量AdipoR1和AdipoR2的表达。
与健康对照组相比，鸦片使用者中AdipoR1和AdipoR2的表达显著更高（分别为P = 0.0001和0.0001）。在随访期间，有8名鸦片使用者患癌。与非鸦片使用者相比，滥用鸦片的受试者患癌风险高8.6倍（P = 0.034；OR = 8.6；95% CI（1.06 - 70.1））。与未患癌的鸦片使用者相比，患癌的鸦片使用者中这两种受体的表达显著更高（P = 0.001）。
考虑到AdipoR1和AdipoR2在鸦片使用者以及患恶性肿瘤的鸦片使用者中显著过度表达，并且在影响鸦片使用者的大多数癌症中这些受体的上调之间存在关联，对AdipoRs的评估可能作为该人群癌症的早期检测工具。
